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    Question
    HLPaper 2
    1.

    Describe how variation contributes to evolution by natural selection.

    [3]
    Verified
    Solution

    • a{a}a (variation is) different phenotypes/differences between individuals in a population/species 1 mark

    • b{b}b struggle/competition for survival 1 mark

    • c{c}c some individuals have advantageous characteristics/are better adapted/have greater chance of survival/reproduction (than others) 1 mark

    • d{d}d favourable alleles/genetic variations passed on/inherited by offspring/next generation 1 mark

    2.

    Outline what is required for speciation to occur.

    [3]
    Verified
    Solution

    a. divided species/gene pool / part of species/gene pool becomes separated / species splits into separate populations ✓

    b. reproductive isolation / lack of interbreeding ✓
    c. may be due temporal/behavioural/geographic isolation ✓

    d. different natural selection/different selective pressures ✓

    3.

    List two causes of variation within a gene pool.

    [2]
    Verified
    Solution

    a. sexual reproduction / random fertilization / meiosis 1 mark

    b. independent assortment of chromosomes 1 mark

    c.crossing over/recombination of alleles 1 mark

    d. random mutation 1 mark

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