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The impact of Japanese nationalism and militarism on foreign policy
Japanese Invasion of Manchuria and Northern China (1931)
The Sino-Japanese War (1937–1941)
The Three Power/Tripartite Pact (1940); the Outbreak of War; Pearl Harbor (1941) - Events and Responses
The Outbreak of War
Pearl Harbor (1941)
The League of Nations and the Lytton Report
Political developments within China: The Second United Front
Appeasement
The end of collective security
Changing diplomatic alignments in Europe
Impact of fascism and Nazism on the foreign policies of Italy
Impact of domestic economic issues on the foreign policies of Italy
Italian expansion: Abyssinia (1935-1936)
Italian expansion: Albania
Entry into the Second World War
International response to Italian aggression (1935-1936)
International response to German and Italian aggression (1940)
Actions of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) and Rwandan government
Role of the media
Nature of the genocide and other crimes against humanity
Wartime Sexual Violence
Response of the international community: The United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR)
Reasons for inaction
Role of France, Belgium and the US
Authoritarian states (20th century)
Emergence: Conditions for Castro's rise to power
Emergence: Methods used to achieve Castro's power
Consolidation and maintenance: Castro's legal methods
Consolidation and maintenance: Castro's charisma and propaganda
Consolidation and maintenance: Castro's use of force
Consolidation and maintenance: Castro's nature and extent of the opposition
Consolidation and maintenance: Castro's foreign policy
Aims and results of policies: Castro's domestic policies - economic policies
Aims and results of policies: Castro's domestic policies - social policies
Aims and results of policies: Castro's domestic policies - political policies
Aims and results of policies: Castro's cultural policies
Aims and results of policies: Castro's impact of policies on women and minorities
Aims and results of policies: Castro's authoritarian control and the extent to which it was achieved
Emergence: Conditions for Lenin's rise to power
Emergence: Lenin's Methods used to achieve power
Consolidation and maintenance: Lenin's legal methods
Consolidation and maintenance: Lenin's charisma and propaganda
Consolidation and maintenance: Lenin's use of force
Consolidation and maintenance: Lenin's nature and extent of the opposition
Consolidation and maintenance: Lenin's foreign policy
Aims and results of policies: Lenin's Domestic policies - economic policies
Aims and results of policies: Lenin's Domestic policies - social policies
Aims and results of policies: Lenin's Domestic policies - political policies
Aims and results of policies: Lenin's cultural policies
Aims and results of policies: Impact of Lenin's policies on women and minorities
Aims and results of policies: Lenin's authoritarian control and the extent to which it was achieved
Emergence: Conditions for Stalin's rise to power
Emergence: Methods used to achieve Stalin's power
Consolidation and maintenance: Stalin's legal methods
Consolidation and maintenance: Stalin's charisma and propaganda
Consolidation and maintenance: Stalin's use of force
Consolidation and maintenance: Stalin's nature and extent of the opposition
Consolidation and maintenance: Stalin's foreign policy
Aims and results of policies: Stalin's domestic policies - economic policies
Aims and results of policies: Stalin's domestic policies - social policies
Aims and results of policies: Stalin's domestic policies - political policies
Aims and results of policies: Stalin's cultural policies
Aims and results of policies: Impact of Stalin's policies on women and minorities
Aims and results of policies: Stalin's authoritarian control and the extent to which it was achieved
Emergence: Conditions for Mao's rise to power
Emergence: Methods used to achieve Mao's power
Consolidation and maintenance: Mao's legal methods
Consolidation and maintenance: Mao's charisma and propaganda
Consolidation and maintenance: Mao's use of force
Consolidation and maintenance: Mao's nature and extent of the opposition
Aims and results of policies: Mao's domestic policies - economic policies
Aims and results of policies: Mao's domestic policies - social policies
Aims and results of policies: Mao's domestic policies - political policies
Aims and results of policies: Mao's cultural policies
Aims and results of policies: Impact of Mao's policies on women and minorities
Aims and results of policies: Mao's authoritarian control and the extent to which it was achieved
Emergence: Conditions for Mussolini's rise to power
Emergence: Methods used to achieve Mussolini's power
Consolidation and maintenance: Mussolini's legal methods
Consolidation and maintenance: Mussolini's charisma and propaganda
Consolidation and maintenance: Mussolini's use of force
Consolidation and maintenance: Mussolini's nature and extent of the opposition
Consolidation and maintenance: Mussolini's foreign policy
Aims and results of policies: Mussolini's domestic policies - economic policies
Aims and results of policies: Mussolini's domestic policies - social policies
Aims and results of policies: Mussolini's domestic policies - political policies
Aims and results of policies: Mussolini's cultural policies
Aims and results of policies: Impact of Mussolini's policies on women and minorities
Aims and results of policies: Mussolini's authoritarian control and the extent to which it was achieved
Emergence: Conditions for Hitler's rise to power
Emergence: Methods used to achieve Hitler's power
Consolidation and maintenance: Hitler's legal methods
Consolidation and maintenance: Hitler's charisma and propaganda
Consolidation and maintenance: Hitler's use of force
Consolidation and maintenance: Hitler's nature and extent of the opposition
Consolidation and maintenance: Hitler's foreign policy
Aims and results of policies: Hitler's domestic policies - economic policies
Aims and results of policies: Hitler's domestic policies - social policies
Aims and results of policies: Hitler's domestic policies - political policies
Aims and results of policies: Hitler's cultural policies
Aims and results of policies: Impact of Hitler's policies on women and minorities
Aims and results of policies: Hitler's authoritarian control and the extent to which it was achieved
Leaders - Stalin (USSR, 1945-1953)
Leaders - Truman (US, 1945-1953)
Leaders - Khrushchev (USSR, 1953-1964)
Leaders - Kennedy (USA 1961-63)
Leaders - Mao (China, 1949-1976)
Leaders - Nixon (US, 1969-1974)
Leaders - Brezhnev (USSR, 1964-1982)
Leaders - Gorbachev (USSR, 1985-1991)
Leaders - Reagan (US, 1981-1989)
Social and Cultural Developments
Immigration to Australia & New Zealand
Policies & Achievements of Governments in Australia
Policies & Achievements of Governments in New Zealand
Indigenous Peoples in Australia and New Zealand
Australia and New Zealand
Economic Policies & Realignment
Independent Pacific Island States
These interactive flashcards help IB History students Standard Level (SL) and Higher Level (HL) quickly review and memorize the essential definitions, formulas, and terms needed for success in IB Exams.
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How does historian Nigel Worden critique the ANC's early decades (1912–1940s)?
He critiques the ANC as elitist and overly moderate, arguing that it failed to connect with the mass base and remained politically marginal.