| Front | Back | | --- | --- | | Why did Bangladesh face an acute risk of famine and economic collapse immediately after the 1971 Liberation War? |

Infrastructure destruction: Transport, agriculture, and banking networks were completely devastated.
Refugee crisis: Millions of displaced people returning from India required immediate reintegration and food aid.

| | What were the four fundamental state principles of "Mujibism" enshrined in the 1972 constitution of Bangladesh? |

Nationalism (focusing on Bengali cultural identity)
Socialism (focusing on state-led economic growth)
Democracy
Secularism (separating religion from state affairs)

| | What was the primary economic motive behind Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's policy of nationalizing major industries and banks? | To centralize economic control, reconstruct the war-torn economy, and reduce rural inequality through a socialist framework. | | Why did the 1974 famine severely damage the political legitimacy of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's government? | It exposed economic mismanagement, corruption, and weak administrative capacity, destroying public trust in the state's ability to provide basic security. | | How did Sheikh Mujibur Rahman structurally alter the political system in 1975 to combat rising unrest? | He abolished multi-party democracy to establish a one-party system under BAKSAL, severely restricting political freedoms. | | In response to mounting political unrest and economic crisis, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman established a one-party state under BAKSAL in 1975, which concentrated power but ultimately triggered his assassination. | In response to mounting political unrest and economic crisis, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman established a one-party state under BAKSAL in 1975, which concentrated power but ultimately triggered his assassination. | | How did Ziaur Rahman (Zia) redefine national identity in Bangladesh after taking power? | He shifted the state ideology from secular, culture-based Bengali nationalism to an Islamic-influenced Bangladeshi nationalism. | | What mechanism did Ziaur Rahman use to transition from military rule and build a civilian political base? | He lifted parts of martial law, restored multi-party politics, and founded the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) to mobilize rural support. | | To build a civilian political base, General Ziaur Rahman founded the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and integrated Islamic elements into the constitution, weakening the state's original secular foundations. | To build a civilian political base, General Ziaur Rahman founded the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and integrated Islamic elements into the constitution, weakening the state's original secular foundations. | | Why did Ziaur Rahman's political reforms lead to long-term political polarization in Bangladesh? | They created a deep ideological division and bitter rivalry between the secular Awami League and the center-right, nationalist BNP. | | What structural factors drove the rapid growth of Bangladesh's Ready-Made Garment (RMG) sector in the 1980s and 1990s? |

Low labor costs, which attracted foreign investment.
The establishment of Export Processing Zones (EPZs) to support industrial production.

| | How did the growth of the RMG sector transform gender dynamics and social mobility in Bangladesh? | It brought large numbers of rural women into the formal workforce, improving household incomes and increasing female financial independence. | | What negative social and economic consequences arose from the rapid, unregulated expansion of the RMG sector? |

Poor working conditions and severe factory safety hazards.
High vulnerability to shifts in the global export market.

| | How did non-governmental organizations (NGOs) like BRAC and Grameen Bank bypass weak state capacity to foster development? | They pioneered microfinance and grassroots social programs directly targeting rural communities and marginalized women. | | To address rural poverty where the state lacked administrative capacity, NGOs like BRAC and Grameen Bank pioneered microfinance programs. | To address rural poverty where the state lacked administrative capacity, NGOs like BRAC and Grameen Bank pioneered microfinance programs. | | Following the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1975, Bangladesh entered a long period of military rule characterized by frequent coups and the imposition of martial law. | Following the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1975, Bangladesh entered a long period of military rule characterized by frequent coups and the imposition of martial law. | |

Identify the four core principles of the ideology shown in this image, and state which of these led to the state takeover of major industries.

Principles: Nationalism, Socialism, Democracy, and Secularism.
Takeover: The principle of Socialism led to the nationalization of major industries and banks.

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How did the political figure depicted here structurally reorient Bangladesh's foreign policy and economic model?

Foreign Policy: Shifted toward a pro-Western and pro-Islamic alignment.
Economic Model: Moved away from socialism toward market-oriented economics.

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Identify the industry shown here and explain its significance to the modern national identity of Bangladesh.

Industry: Ready-made garment (RMG) sector.
Significance: It became the primary engine of economic growth, transforming Bangladesh into the world's second-largest apparel exporter and a major manufacturing economy.

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| SRI LANKA | |

| EAST PAKISTAN | |

| COLOMBO | |

| MADRAS | |

| BOMBAY | |

| INDIA |

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

IB History Nation Building of Bangladesh Flashcards

Flashcards for Nation Building of Bangladesh

Flashcards for Nation Building of Bangladesh - IB