Introduction to IB Grading Philosophy
The International Baccalaureate (IB) grading system is designed to be fair, standardized, and globally consistent. Unlike percentage-based grading systems, IB uses a criterion-referenced model, meaning students are assessed based on how well they meet pre-defined standards — not how they perform relative to others.
The aim is to develop students into critical thinkers, reflective learners, and ethical global citizens, and the grading system reflects these values with a nuanced and comprehensive structure.
The IB Exam Structure Explained
IB assessments fall into two categories:
1. External Assessments
- These include final exams, essays, and oral recordings.
- They are graded by trained IB examiners worldwide.
2. Internal Assessments (IA)
- These are graded by subject teachers and moderated externally.
- Includes lab reports, presentations, and written investigations.
Students are assessed across six subjects and three core components, typically completed over a two-year period.
How the 1 to 7 IB Grading Scale Works
Each IB subject is graded on a scale from 1 to 7:
- Passing Grade: Typically a 4 or above.
- Scores reflect skills, understanding, and knowledge — not just factual recall.
Grade Descriptors for IB Subjects
Each subject has detailed grade descriptors. For instance:
- IB English Language and Literature: A 7 involves insightful textual analysis and synthesis.
- IB Mathematics: A 6 might show clear method use with occasional minor errors.
- IB Sciences: A 5 includes good conceptual knowledge and relevant application.
Teachers and examiners use these qualitative benchmarks to ensure consistency.
Core Component Scoring (TOK, EE, CAS)
The three core components are graded differently:
TOK (Theory of Knowledge) and EE (Extended Essay):
- Each graded from A to E
- Combined to award up to 3 bonus points
CAS (Creativity, Activity, Service):
- Not graded, but must be completed to receive the diploma
- Focuses on personal development and experiential learning
How Bonus Points Are Calculated
The combination of TOK and EE grades determines bonus points:
“F” in this chart denotes a failing condition for the IB Diploma.
Final Diploma Scoring and Criteria
The maximum possible IB score is 45 points:
- 42 points from six subjects (6 × 7)
- 3 bonus points from TOK and EE
To earn the diploma, you must:
- Score at least 24 points
- Complete all core components (TOK, EE, CAS)
- Not score less than a 2 in any subject
- Not have more than three scores of 3 or below
Grade Boundaries and Their Impact
Grade boundaries determine the cut-off scores for each grade. These vary slightly each year based on:
- Exam difficulty
- Global performance statistics
- Examiner judgments
Example: A 7 in History may require 80% one year and 77% the next. These adjustments ensure fairness and equity worldwide.
Predicted Grades and Their Role
Predicted grades are teacher estimates submitted to the IB and often to universities. They’re based on:
- Class performance
- IA results
- Mock exam performance
Accuracy is crucial as universities may offer conditional admissions based on these scores.
How IB Grades Compare to Other Systems
➤ IB Grade 7
- Approximate GPA: 4.0
- A-Level Equivalent: A*
- AP Equivalent: 5
➤ IB Grade 6
- Approximate GPA: 3.7
- A-Level Equivalent: A
- AP Equivalent: 5
➤ IB Grade 5
- Approximate GPA: 3.3
- A-Level Equivalent: B
- AP Equivalent: 4
➤ IB Grade 4
- Approximate GPA: 2.7
- A-Level Equivalent: C
- AP Equivalent: 3
➤ IB Grade 3 or below
- Approximate GPA: Below 2.0
- A-Level Equivalent: D/E or lower
- AP Equivalent: 2 or lower
Each university interprets scores differently. Always check specific institution guidelines for score conversion.
Regrading, Remarking, and Resits
Students can request a remark if they believe a grade is incorrect. Key points:
- Must be done through the school
- A fee is usually charged unless the grade increases
- Resits are available in the next exam session (May or November)
How Universities Interpret IB Grades
Most universities:
- Require minimum subject scores
- Consider total points and core component results
- May offer course credit for HL scores of 5 or higher
Top programs may demand 38–42 total points, but many universities accept 28–34 as competitive.
What is a Good IB Score?
- World average: ~30 points
- Above average: 34–38 points
- Excellent: 40+ points
- Perfect score: 45 points (earned by <1% of students worldwide)
Good scores depend on your goals, universities of interest, and personal circumstances.
Common Misunderstandings About IB Grading
- Myth: “You need a 7 in everything.”
Truth: A 5 or 6 is already an impressive score. - Myth: “Grades reflect percentages.”
Truth: IB grades are descriptive, not numerical percentages. - Myth: “Failing one subject means you fail the diploma.”
Truth: Not necessarily — depends on total score and grade distribution.
Student Tips to Improve IB Scores
- Use IB Past Papers: Practice with real exam questions
- Understand Mark Schemes: Learn what examiners look for
- Study Smart: Focus on understanding, not memorizing
- Plan Early for IA and EE: Avoid last-minute panic
- Get Feedback: Use teacher and peer reviews to improve
Conclusion: Demystifying IB Grading
The IB grading scale is designed to reward deep understanding, global thinking, and academic integrity. With transparent standards and international consistency, it’s a fair and comprehensive way to evaluate student performance.
Focus on learning, set goals wisely, and trust that the IB system is designed to help you grow — not just test you.
FAQs
Is a 4 a passing grade in IB?
Yes, a 4 is considered a passing grade in both HL and SL subjects.
How many points do I need for the diploma?
You need at least 24 points, with specific conditions met in subject and core scores.
What happens if I fail a subject?
It depends on your overall score. One failure may be offset if your total score and core components meet the criteria.
Can I retake an IB exam?
Yes. Resits are allowed in the next exam session (May or November).
What’s the highest possible IB score?
A perfect IB score is 45 points.
How are predicted grades calculated?
Teachers estimate them based on performance in class, internal assessments, and mock exams.
