IB English Paper 1 can be one of the most intimidating tasks in the Diploma Programme—but with the right strategies, structure, and mindset, you can confidently tackle unseen texts and produce a high-scoring essay. Whether you're in Standard Level (SL) or Higher Level (HL), this guide provides all the insights you need to succeed.
What Is IB English Paper 1?
Paper 1 is a textual analysis essay based on unseen literary or non-literary texts. You’ll be asked to explore how language, structure, and stylistic choices contribute to meaning and impact.
- SL students analyze one text.
- HL students compare and analyze two texts.
These texts may include speeches, poems, opinion pieces, advertisements, or literary excerpts. The goal? Demonstrate your ability to interpret, analyze, and evaluate how texts work.
Key Skills Assessed in Paper 1
To score well, you must showcase a combination of:
- Critical reading: Identifying nuanced meanings and themes
- Textual analysis: Understanding how techniques shape meaning
- Interpretation and evaluation: Explaining the how and why of the writer's choices
- Organized writing: Presenting ideas logically and clearly
- Language use: Employing formal tone, precise vocabulary, and varied syntax
Structure of the IB English Paper 1 Essay
🔹 Introduction – Use TAPAC
Start strong by contextualizing your analysis. Use TAPAC:
- Text type (e.g., poem, editorial)
- Author (if known)
- Purpose (inform, persuade, reflect)
- Audience (intended readership)
- Context (cultural or situational background)
Finish your intro with a thesis statement—the main argument you’ll defend throughout the essay.
🔹 Body Paragraphs – Use PEEL or PEALRAW
Each body paragraph should follow this structure:
- Point – Assert a key idea (e.g., “The writer uses irony to critique social hypocrisy.”)
- Evidence – Quote or reference the text directly
- Analysis – Explain how and why the device is used
- Link – Tie the idea back to your thesis
- Reader’s response – Consider the emotional or intellectual effect
- Alternative interpretations – Offer other readings where possible
- Writer’s intention – Reflect on authorial purpose
🔹 Conclusion
- Recap your main arguments without repeating them
- Reflect on the text’s overall significance
- Reinforce how the author’s choices achieve their intended purpose
Step-by-Step Essay Writing Strategy
- Read the guiding question carefully
- Annotate the text(s) during your first reading
- Identify 3-4 key techniques that contribute to meaning
- Draft a brief outline using TAPAC and PEEL ideas
- Write with control, and manage your time wisely
Essential Literary and Non-Literary Devices to Know
Here are must-know techniques for analysis:
- Symbolism
- Imagery
- Tone and mood
- Structure and form
- Irony and satire
- Metaphor and simile
- Alliteration and sound devices (in poetry)
- Visual layout and font choices (in ads)
How to Analyze Texts Effectively in Paper 1
Go beyond identifying the technique. Always explain:
- How it works (its function or mechanism)
- Why the author uses it (the purpose or intent)
- What effect it has on the reader
- What themes it reinforces or challenges
Time Management Tips During the Exam
- Reading and annotation: 10–15 minutes
- Planning and outlining: 5–10 minutes
- Writing: 60 minutes (HL: 75 minutes for two texts)
- Reviewing and editing: Last 5–10 minutes
Stick to the clock and don’t linger too long on any one paragraph.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Describing instead of analyzing
- Forgetting to mention the writer’s purpose
- Writing summary instead of structured arguments
- Repeating the same point in multiple paragraphs
Sample PEEL and TAPAC Breakdown
Let’s say you're analyzing a political speech:
- TAPAC
- Text: Political speech
- Author: Prime Minister X
- Purpose: Persuade citizens
- Audience: General public
- Context: During economic recession
- PEEL Paragraph
- Point: The speaker uses repetition to reinforce urgency.
- Evidence: “We must act. We must reform. We must rebuild.”
- Analysis: The repetition builds rhythm and unity.
- Link: This supports the speech’s persuasive tone.
What Examiners Look For
According to the IB assessment criteria:
- Criterion A (5 marks): Insightful understanding and interpretation
- Criterion B (5 marks): Analytical depth and evaluation of language
- Criterion C (5 marks): Coherent organization and development
- Criterion D (5 marks): Precise and effective language use
Aim to score at least 4 in each to approach a level 6 or 7.
Revision Techniques for IB English Paper 1
- Practice writing timed essays from unseen prompts
- Review high-scoring exemplars on RevisionDojo to understand expectations
- Create a glossary of literary and visual techniques
- Use peer feedback to improve analysis and clarity
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1: What is the best way to prepare for IB English Paper 1?
Practice analyzing a variety of texts and writing full essays under timed conditions. Review exemplar essays and mark schemes on trusted platforms like RevisionDojo.
Q2: How long should each paragraph be?
Aim for about 150–200 words, with clear topic sentences, textual evidence, and detailed analysis.
Q3: What’s the difference between HL and SL Paper 1?
HL requires analysis and comparison of two texts, while SL only covers one. HL expects greater depth and nuance.
Q4: How many literary devices should I include?
Use 3–5 well-explored devices instead of overloading your essay with superficial ones.
Q5: Can I use the same structure every time?
Yes, consistent use of PEEL and TAPAC frameworks helps maintain clarity, but always adapt based on the text.
Q6: What should I do if I don’t understand the text?
Focus on parts that are clear, analyze tone and language, and build arguments from what you can confidently interpret.
Final Thoughts: How to Approach Paper 1 With Confidence
Mastering IB English Paper 1 comes down to preparation, practice, and purpose. Focus on how texts convey meaning, why authors make certain choices, and how to structure a compelling, cohesive response. Use planning frameworks like TAPAC and PEEL to anchor your thoughts, and practice regularly with unseen texts to build fluency and confidence.
🎯 Visit RevisionDojo for exclusive exam-based training, Paper 1 walkthroughs, and 7-level essay samples tailored to IB success.
