IB Sports, exercise and health science A.3.3.4 Hydration and Nutritional Strategies for Exercise Recovery Key Definitions

A supplement that enhances ATP replenishment, muscle hydration, and recovery from high-intensity exercise.

Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is the muscle disruption caused by high-intensity or unaccustomed exercise (especially eccentric work), producing reduced force, increased soreness, and reduced range of motion.

The stored form of glucose found in the liver and muscles, which can be broken down into glucose for ATP production during exercise.

A state of excess body water content, above the normal range.

Macronutrients are nutrients required in large amounts that provide energy necessary for sustaining physiological functions and supporting physical activity.

The accumulation of free radicals from intense exercise, leading to cellular damage if not countered by antioxidants.

Polyphenols are a family of plant-based chemical compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, found in fruits, vegetables, cereals, and beverages.