IB Sports, exercise and health science B.3 Injury Key Definitions

The ACL is a key ligament in the knee that stabilizes the joint by preventing excessive forward movement of the tibia relative to the femur.

Acute trauma is a short-term response to a single, unexpected event that causes intense fear and distress. It can lead to physical, behavioral, and psychological symptoms.

Incorrect movement patterns or techniques that place excessive stress on specific body structures, leading to potential injury over time.

An injury that develops gradually over time, usually due to repetitive overuse of a body part. Chronic injuries are also known as overuse injuries.

A mild traumatic brain injury that temporarily affects brain function. Each case is unique, with symptoms and recovery varying between individuals.

Cryotherapy is the local or whole-body application of cold for recovery or treatment. It reduces metabolic activity, constricts capillaries, lowers nerve conduction velocity, and limits inflammation.

An injury that develops over time due to repeated stress or motion

The body's ability to safely dissipate and manage external forces to prevent injury.

Inflammation is the body's protective response to injury or infection, involving increased blood flow, immune activity, and the release of chemicals to repair damaged tissue.

Injury risk is the probability of sustaining an injury based on the interaction of internal and external risk factors.

Internal risk factors refer to variables inherent to the individual that can affect their susceptibility to injury.

Ligaments are connective tissues that play a pivotal role in stabilizing and supporting joints by connecting bone to bone.

The probability or chance that an injury will occur during a specific activity or event.

The magnitude of risk is a concept used to quantify the likelihood and severity of an injury occurring.

Damage to bones, muscles, ligaments, or tendons resulting from repetitive trauma and inadequate healing time.

Prehabilitation refers to a proactive approach to injury prevention that focuses on preparing the body for the demands of training and competition.

Prehabilitation involves proactive interventions to prepare athletes for training, competition, and injury prevention. Unlike rehabilitation, which is reactive, prehabilitation focuses on reducing injury risk and enhancing performance.

Conditions or circumstances that can increase the likelihood of an individual developing an injury or condition.

Age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, often preventable or reduced through regular physical activity.

The potential seriousness or consequences of the injury. This refers to how severe the injury could be if it occurs (e.g., minor sprain vs. severe fracture).

Tendons are strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that attach muscles to bones, allowing the force produced by muscle contraction to move bones.