IB Sports, exercise and health science C.3 Motivation Key Definitions

Amotivation is a state where a person lacks the desire or intention to act.

A negative emotional state marked by feelings of nervousness, worry, and apprehension about future events, often without a clear external cause.

Autonomous motivation is when someone engages in an activity because they believe it's in line with their own goals and values. It's a self-determined behavior that comes from within the person

Independence or freedom, as of the will or one's actions

The ability to do something successfully or efficiently.

Controlled motivation is driven by external factors, such as rewards or pressures.

Ego orientation refers to a mindset where an individual defines success primarily by comparing themselves to others, focusing on performing better than peers and demonstrating their superiority rather than on personal improvement or mastery of a task; essentially, basing their sense of achievement on external validation and social comparison

Extrinsic motivation refers to the drive to participate in an activity due to external rewards or pressures, such as praise, recognition, trophies, or grades, rather than the inherent enjoyment of the activity itself; essentially, being motivated by factors outside of oneself to perform a behavior.

Goal orientation theory (Nicholls, 1989), also referred to as achievement goal theory, suggests that in achievement-based settings such as sports and exercise, individuals are primarily motivated to demonstrate high ability while avoiding the appearance of low ability.

Injury risk is the probability of sustaining an injury based on the interaction of internal and external risk factors.

Intrinsic motivation refers to the internal drive to participate in an activity for its own sake, meaning a person is motivated by the inherent satisfaction or enjoyment they get from the activity itself, rather than external rewards or pressures like trophies or praise.

Mastery climates (or task climates) focus on individual improvement and effort-based goals. Emphasize learning, development, and intrinsic motivation. Rewards are based on progress and self-improvement rather than comparison with others.

Motivation is defined as the direction (choice of activity) and intensity (level of effort) an individual applies

Motivation can be defined as the drive to take part and persist in an activity, it is a significant factor related to sports adherence.

Need Achievement Theory (NAT) explains how personality and situational factors interact to influence motivation, emotions, and behavior in sports performance.

Performance climates (or ego climates) prioritize competition and social comparison. Success is measured by outperforming others. Rewards are given based on rank and external achievement, fostering extrinsic motivation.

The state or fact of being related or connected.

Self-determination theory (SDT) is a theory that explains how people are motivated and develop their personalities. It also examines how social and cultural factors affect motivation and well-being.

Task orientation is a focus on completing tasks to achieve goals, rather than social harmony or interpersonal factors. It's often used in the workplace and in education.