IB Sports, exercise and health science A.2.2.4 Dietary Planning, Nutrient Needs, and Supplementation Key Definitions

A diet that provides all essential nutrients (carbohydrate, lipid, protein, water, vitamins, minerals) in the right amounts to maintain health and prevent both nutrient deficiency and nutrient excess.

The amount of energy required by the body to maintain basic physiological functions at rest.

A supplement that enhances ATP replenishment, muscle hydration, and recovery from high-intensity exercise.

Substances that increase urine production, leading to fluid loss (e.g., caffeine, alcohol, certain medications).

A B vitamin essential for DNA synthesis, cell division, and preventing neural tube defects in developing fetuses.

pH is a measure of hydrogen ion (H⁺) concentration, determining how acidic or basic a solution is.

Age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, often preventable or reduced through regular physical activity.

A diet that excludes all animal products and requires careful nutrient planning.