IB Psychology 1.1 Bias Key Definitions

A form of gender bias that exaggerates differences between men and women.

A form of gender bias that hides or downplays real differences between men and women.

Bias is a systematic error that can distort the results of a study, leading to invalid conclusions.

A systematic distortion that pushes research findings in one direction.

A systematic error that skews results in a particular direction.

A systematic tendency to apply one cultural group's norms and assumptions as if they were universal.

Cues in a study that signal to participants what the researcher expects, leading them to alter their behaviour.

A research design where neither the participant nor the experimenter who interacts with them knows which condition the participant is in.

A research approach that studies a culture from the inside, using categories defined within that culture.

A research approach that compares cultures using standardised categories defined from outside.

A systematic distortion in psychological research caused by how gender is sampled, measured, or interpreted.

Posting a study's hypotheses and analysis plan to a public registry before any data is collected.

The tendency for journals to publish positive results far more often than null findings or failed replications.

Bias introduced when a researcher's expectations or behaviour push a study's results toward a preferred outcome.

When the sample studied does not represent the population the researcher claims to describe.

The tendency for participants to answer in a way that makes them look good rather than report honestly.