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Paper 1

Paper 2

Paper 3

1.1 Identity

1.2 The self and the other

1.3 Consciousness

1.4 Personhood

1.5 Human nature

1.6 Freedom

2.1 The nature of art

2.2 The artist and the artistic process

2.3 Aesthetic experience and judgement

3.1 Nature of knowledge

3.2 Problems of knowledge

3.3 Application of knowledge

4.1 Normative ethics

4.2 Meta-ethics

4.3 Applied ethics

5.1 Nature and existence of God

5.2 Religious language

5.3 Religious experience and behaviour

6.1 Nature and methodologies of science

6.2 Science and the self

6.3 Science and society

7.1 The state

7.2 Justice

7.3 Liberty and rights

8.1 Social structures and institutions

8.2 Equality and discrimination

8.3 Gender

9.1 Philosophy and technology

9.2 Philosophy and the environment

9.3 The nature, function, and meaning of methodology of philosophy

10.1 Language, Truth and Logic – Alfred Jules Ayer

10.2 The Analects – Confucius

10.3 Meditations on First Philosophy – René Descartes

10.4 Black Skin, White Masks – Frantz Fanon

10.5 On the Genealogy of Morality – Friedrich Nietzsche

10.6 Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach – Martha C. Nussbaum

10.7 The Revolt of the Masses – José Ortega y Gasset

10.8 The Republic, Books IV–IX – Plato

10.9 The Ethics of Authenticity – Charles Taylor

10.10 Tao Te Ching – Lao Tzu

10.11 The Second Sex – Simone de Beauvoir

10.12 On Liberty – John Stuart Mill

IB Philosophy 3.2.1 Scepticism Key Definitions

Definition

Scepticism

Scepticism is the philosophical position that knowledge is impossible or severely limited. Sceptics challenge the adequacy of our evidence, the reliability of our cognitive faculties, or the possibility of meeting the conditions required for genuine knowledge.

Definition

The regress problem

The regress problem challenges the concept of justification by asking what ultimately grounds our beliefs. If every belief must be justified by another, then justification either continues indefinitely (infinite regress), ends in an unjustified belief (foundationalism), or forms a circle (coherentism), each option presenting its own philosophical difficulties.

IB Philosophy 3.2.1 Scepticism Key Definitions

Definition

Scepticism

Scepticism is the philosophical position that knowledge is impossible or severely limited. Sceptics challenge the adequacy of our evidence, the reliability of our cognitive faculties, or the possibility of meeting the conditions required for genuine knowledge.

Definition

The regress problem

The regress problem challenges the concept of justification by asking what ultimately grounds our beliefs. If every belief must be justified by another, then justification either continues indefinitely (infinite regress), ends in an unjustified belief (foundationalism), or forms a circle (coherentism), each option presenting its own philosophical difficulties.