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Paper 1

Paper 2

Paper 3

1.1 Identity

1.2 The self and the other

1.3 Consciousness

1.4 Personhood

1.5 Human nature

1.6 Freedom

2.1 The nature of art

2.2 The artist and the artistic process

2.3 Aesthetic experience and judgement

3.1 Nature of knowledge

3.2 Problems of knowledge

3.3 Application of knowledge

4.1 Normative ethics

4.2 Meta-ethics

4.3 Applied ethics

5.1 Nature and existence of God

5.2 Religious language

5.3 Religious experience and behaviour

6.1 Nature and methodologies of science

6.2 Science and the self

6.3 Science and society

7.1 The state

7.2 Justice

7.3 Liberty and rights

8.1 Social structures and institutions

8.2 Equality and discrimination

8.3 Gender

9.1 Philosophy and technology

9.2 Philosophy and the environment

9.3 The nature, function, and meaning of methodology of philosophy

10.1 Language, Truth and Logic – Alfred Jules Ayer

10.2 The Analects – Confucius

10.3 Meditations on First Philosophy – René Descartes

10.4 Black Skin, White Masks – Frantz Fanon

10.5 On the Genealogy of Morality – Friedrich Nietzsche

10.6 Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach – Martha C. Nussbaum

10.7 The Revolt of the Masses – José Ortega y Gasset

10.8 The Republic, Books IV–IX – Plato

10.9 The Ethics of Authenticity – Charles Taylor

10.10 Tao Te Ching – Lao Tzu

10.11 The Second Sex – Simone de Beauvoir

10.12 On Liberty – John Stuart Mill

IB Philosophy 3.1.2 Truth Key Definitions

Definition

Correspondence theory of truth

The correspondence theory of truth holds that a statement or belief is true if and only if it accurately represents an independent reality. Truth, on this view, is a relation between language (or thought) and the world.

Definition

The Tao

(literally ‘the Way’) the central concept of the Tao Te Ching and refers to the ultimate, underlying principle of reality that gives rise to all things, sustains them, and to which they return; it is characterised by its ineffability, formlessness, and its paradoxical nature as both the source of all being and beyond all categories of description. Ineffability in this context means that the Tao cannot be adequately captured in language, concepts, or rational definitions, because any attempt to name or describe it necessarily limits and distorts what is by nature unlimited and unconditioned.

Definition

Truth

a property of beliefs, propositions, or statements that indicates their agreement with reality, coherence with other beliefs, or practical effectiveness. The nature of truth is itself one of the most contested questions in philosophy, with correspondence, coherence, and pragmatist theories offering competing accounts.

IB Philosophy 3.1.2 Truth Key Definitions

Definition

Correspondence theory of truth

The correspondence theory of truth holds that a statement or belief is true if and only if it accurately represents an independent reality. Truth, on this view, is a relation between language (or thought) and the world.

Definition

The Tao

(literally ‘the Way’) the central concept of the Tao Te Ching and refers to the ultimate, underlying principle of reality that gives rise to all things, sustains them, and to which they return; it is characterised by its ineffability, formlessness, and its paradoxical nature as both the source of all being and beyond all categories of description. Ineffability in this context means that the Tao cannot be adequately captured in language, concepts, or rational definitions, because any attempt to name or describe it necessarily limits and distorts what is by nature unlimited and unconditioned.

Definition

Truth

a property of beliefs, propositions, or statements that indicates their agreement with reality, coherence with other beliefs, or practical effectiveness. The nature of truth is itself one of the most contested questions in philosophy, with correspondence, coherence, and pragmatist theories offering competing accounts.