The Correspondence Theory of Truth
Definition
Truth (the Correspondence Theory)
Correspondence between statements and reality.
A statement is true if it accurately reflects or matches a fact or state of affairs in the world.Example
The statement "The Eiffel Tower is in Paris" is true because it corresponds to the actual location of the Eiffel Tower in the real world.
Strengths of the Correspondence Theory
- Intuitive Appeal: Aligns with common-sense notions of truth as a reflection of reality.
- Objective Basis: Provides a clear criterion for truth based on observable facts.
Criticisms of the Correspondence Theory
- Access to Reality: How can we verify correspondence if our access to reality is mediated by perception and language?
- Abstract Concepts: Struggles to account for the truth of statements about abstract entities (e.g., mathematics, ethics).
The correspondence theory is often associated with realism, the view that a mind-independent reality exists.
The Coherence Theory of Truth
Definition
Truth (the Coherence Theory)
Coherence among a set of beliefs or propositions.
A statement is true if it fits consistently within a system of interrelated beliefs.Analogy
In a mathematical system, the statement "2 + 2 = 4" is true because it coheres with other mathematical principles and axioms.
Strengths of the Coherence Theory
- Holistic Approach: Emphasizes the interconnectedness of beliefs, reflecting how knowledge is often structured.
- Applicability to Abstract Domains: Effective in areas like mathematics and ethics, where correspondence to physical reality is less relevant.
Criticisms of the Coherence Theory
- Relativism: Different coherent systems can exist, leading to conflicting truths.
- Isolation from Reality: A coherent set of beliefs may still be disconnected from the actual world.
