A - Unity and Diversity
B - Form and Function
C - Interaction and Interdependence
D - Continuity and Change
D1.1 DNA replication
D1.2 Protein synthesis
D1.3 Mutations and gene editing
D2.1 Cell and nuclear division
D2.2 Gene expression (HL)
D2.3 Water potential
D3.1 Reproduction
D3.2 Inheritance
D3.3 Homeostasis
D4.1 Natural selection
D4.2 Sustainability and change
D4.3 Climate change
View a summary cheatsheet for D4.2 Sustainability and change
D4.2.1 Stability as a property of natural ecosystems
D4.2.2 Requirements for stability in ecosystems
D4.2.3 Deforestation of Amazon rainforest
D4.2.4 Use of a model to investigate the effect of variables on ecosystem stability
D4.2.5 Role of keystone species in the stability of ecosystems
D4.2.6 Assessing sustainability of resource harvesting from natural ecosystems
D4.2.7 Factors affecting the sustainability of agriculture
D4.2.8 Eutrophication of aquatic and marine ecosystems due to leaching
D4.2.9 Biomagnification of pollutants in natural ecosystems
D4.2.10 Effects of microplastic and macroplastic pollution of the oceans
D4.2.11 Restoration of natural processes in ecosystems by rewilding
D4.2.12 Ecological succession and its causes (HL)
D4.2.13 Changes occurring during primary succession (HL)
D4.2.14 Cyclical succession in ecosystems (HL)
D4.2.15 Climax communities and arrested succession (HL)
