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A - Unity and Diversity
A1.1 Water
A1.2 Nucleic acids
A2.1 Origins of cells (HL)
A2.2 Cell structure
A2.3 Viruses (HL)
A3.1 Diversity of organisms
A3.2 Classification and cladistics (HL)
A4.1 Evolution and speciation
A4.2 Conservation of biodiversity
B - Form and Function
B1.1 Carbohydrates and lipids
B1.2 Proteins
B2.1 Membranes and membrane transport
B2.2 Organelles and compartmentalization
B2.3 Cell specialization
B3.1 Gas exchange
B3.2 Transport
B3.3 Muscle and motility (HL)
B4.1 Adaptation to environment
B4.2 Ecological niches
C - Interaction and Interdependence
C1.1 Enzymes and metabolism
C1.2 Cell respiration
C1.3 Photosynthesis
C2.1 Chemical signalling (HL)
C2.2 Neural signalling
C3.1 Integration of body systems
C3.2 Defense against disease
C4.1 Populations and communities
C4.2 Transfer of energy and matter
D - Continuity and Change
D1.1 DNA replication
D1.2 Protein synthesis
D1.3 Mutations and gene editing
D2.1 Cell and nuclear division
D2.2 Gene expression (HL)
D2.3 Water potential
D3.1 Reproduction
D3.2 Inheritance
D3.3 Homeostasis
D4.1 Natural selection
D4.2 Sustainability and change
D4.3 Climate change
Browse summary cheatsheets for
B2.1.1 Lipid bilayers as the basis of cell membranes
5 minute read
B2.1.2 Lipid bilayers as barriers
4 minute read
B2.1.3 Simple diffusion across membranes
7 minute read
B2.1.4 Integral and peripheral proteins in membranes
B2.1.5 Movement of water molecules across membranes by osmosis and the role of aquaporins
B2.1.6 Channel proteins for facilitated diffusion
B2.1.7 Pump proteins for active transport
6 minute read
B2.1.8 Selectivity in membrane permeability
B2.1.9 Structure and function of glycoproteins and glycolipids
B2.1.10 Fluid mosaic model of membrane structure
B2.1.11 Relationships between fatty acid composition of lipid bilayers and their fluidity (HL)
B2.1.12 Cholesterol and membrane fluidity in animal cells (HL)
B2.1.13 Membrane fluidity and the fusion and formation of vesicles (HL)
B2.1.14 Gated ion channels in neurons (HL)
9 minute read
B2.1.15 Sodium–potassium pumps as an example of exchange transporters (HL)
B2.1.16 Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters as an example of indirect active transport (HL)
B2.1.17 Adhesion of cells to form tissues (HL)
B2.1 Membranes and Membrane Transport
