Notes for B2.1.15 Sodium–potassium pumps as an example of exchange transporters (HL) - IB | RevisionDojo
B2.1.15 Sodium–potassium pumps as an example of exchange transporters (HL) Notes
Sodium-Potassium Pump: An Example of Exchange Transport
To transmit nerve impulses, neurons rely on concentration gradients of sodium (Na⁺) and potassium (K⁺) ions across their membranes.
These gradients are maintained by the sodium-potassium pump, an active transport protein that moves ions against their concentration gradients using ATP.
How the sodium potassium pump works
How the Sodium-Potassium Pump Works
Na⁺ Binding
The pump is open to the inside of the cell.
Three Na⁺ ions bind to specific sites, reducing intracellular Na⁺ concentration.
ATP Phosphorylation
ATP transfers a phosphate group to the pump.
This induces a conformational change, closing the pump.
Na⁺ Release
The pump opens to the outside, releasing Na⁺ ions into the extracellular space.
This increases the Na⁺ concentration outside the neuron.
K⁺ Binding
Two K⁺ ions bind to the pump from the outside.
The extracellular K⁺ concentration decreases.
Phosphate Release
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Questions
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Question 1
Recap question
Which feature fundamentally distinguishes the sodium–potassium pump from a potassium leak channel?
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How many sodium ions are pumped out of the cell by the sodium-potassium pump?
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Note
The sodium-potassium pump is a specialized protein found in the cell membranes of all animal cells. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of sodium (Na⁺) and potassium (K⁺) ions inside and outside the cell. This pump is essential for many cellular functions, including nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.
The pump moves three sodium ions out of the cell for every two potassium ions it brings in.
It requires energy in the form of ATP to function, as it moves ions against their concentration gradients.
AnalogyThink of the sodium-potassium pump as a bouncer at a club who lets three people out for every two people allowed in. This keeps the club (inside the cell) less crowded than the street outside (outside the cell).
