IB Sports, exercise and health science A.3.3.2 Hydration, Electrolytes, and Energy Availability in Fatigue Key Definitions

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the primary chemical energy currency of the cell. Hydrolysis of ATP releases the energy used for muscle contraction, ion transport, and most other energy-requiring processes.

Electrolytes are minerals that carry an electrical charge, essential for fluid balance, nerve signaling, and muscle contraction.

Fatigue refers to the reduced capacity of muscles to perform due to prolonged exertion.

The stored form of glucose found in the liver and muscles, which can be broken down into glucose for ATP production during exercise.

Hyperglycaemia is an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood, the defining feature of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Hyperthermia is an abnormally high core body temperature. It develops when heat production exceeds the body's ability to dissipate heat, often during exercise in hot or humid conditions.

A condition where excess water intake dilutes sodium levels in the blood, causing cells to swell.