IB Sports, exercise and health science A.2.3.2 Phosphagen, Glycolytic, and Oxidative Energy Systems During Exercise Key Definitions

A molecule stored in muscles that rapidly regenerates ATP from ADP during short, high-intensity activities.

A series of protein complexes in the mitochondria that transfer electrons to produce ATP during aerobic metabolism.

The energy continuum refers to the dynamic interaction of the three energy systems (phosphagen, glycolytic, and oxidative systems) during physical activity.

Energy systems are biochemical pathways that the body uses to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary source of energy for all cellular activities, including muscle contractions during physical activity.

A process that breaks down glucose or glycogen into pyruvate without the use of oxygen, producing ATP and lactic acid as a byproduct.

Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is broken down to produce energy.

A series of biochemical reactions occurring in the mitochondria that further break down pyruvate to release high-energy electrons, contributing to ATP production.

A metabolic byproduct of anaerobic glycolysis that can be used as an energy source in muscles, the heart, and the liver.

The amount of oxygen required to restore normal metabolic function following intense exercise, during which the body consumes more oxygen than usual to recover.

A high-energy compound stored in muscles that provides quick ATP regeneration during the early stages of exercise before aerobic metabolism fully activates.

A rapid ATP production system that provides energy for short bursts of high-intensity activity without requiring oxygen.