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Anxiety
A negative emotional state marked by feelings of nervousness, worry, and apprehension about future events, often without a clear external cause.
Arousal
Arousal refers to the level of physiological and psychological activation an athlete experiences. It ranges from low (relaxed) to high (intense excitement or stress).
Catastrophe Theory
Catastrophe theory refers to a psychological model that describes how a sudden and dramatic drop in performance can occur when an athlete's arousal level becomes too high, particularly when combined with high cognitive anxiety, leading to a "catastrophic" decline in performance rather than a gradual decrease.