IB Sports, exercise and health science A.1.1.2 the Endocrine System and Regulation of Biological Processes Key Definitions

The ACL is a key ligament in the knee that stabilizes the joint by preventing excessive forward movement of the tibia relative to the femur.

The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine gland formed in the ovary after ovulation.

A system of glands that release hormones into the bloodstream to regulate various body functions.

Also known as adrenaline, epinephrine is a hormone and neurotransmitter released by the adrenal medulla during the fight-or-flight response.

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell (erythrocyte) production in the bone marrow, improving oxygen delivery to tissues.

Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands into the bloodstream.

Also known as noradrenaline, norepinephrine is a hormone and neurotransmitter that works alongside epinephrine to regulate the fight-or-flight response.

Osmolarity is the concentration of solutes (such as ions and glucose) in a solution, measured in osmoles per liter (Osm/L). It is crucial for maintaining fluid balance and cell function in the body.

A peptide is a short chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

A steroid is a type of lipid molecule derived from cholesterol.

Tachycardia refers to an abnormally high heart rate, typically above 100 beats per minute (bpm) in adults.