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Biotechnology
Biotechnology involves the application of scientific techniques to modify living organisms, biological systems, or their products, including genetic engineering, cloning, and stem cell research.
Chinese Room argument
John Searle's Chinese Room argument challenges the claim that computers can genuinely understand or think. A person in a room follows rules to manipulate Chinese symbols without understanding Chinese, showing that syntax (rule-following) is not sufficient for semantics (meaning).
Enhancement
In bioethics, enhancement refers to the use of biotechnology to improve human capacities beyond the normal range, as distinct from therapy, which aims to restore normal functioning.
Moral autonomy
In Mill's philosophy, moral autonomy is the capacity of individuals to determine their own moral principles through independent reflection and rational deliberation, rather than accepting moral rules imposed by custom, tradition, or external authority.
Transhumanism
Transhumanism is the philosophical movement advocating the use of technology to fundamentally enhance human capacities beyond their current biological limits, raising questions about what it means to be human and whether such enhancement is desirable.