Loading subject…

Paper 1

Paper 2

Paper 3

1.1 Identity

1.2 The self and the other

1.3 Consciousness

1.4 Personhood

1.5 Human nature

1.6 Freedom

2.1 The nature of art

2.2 The artist and the artistic process

2.3 Aesthetic experience and judgement

3.1 Nature of knowledge

3.2 Problems of knowledge

3.3 Application of knowledge

4.1 Normative ethics

4.2 Meta-ethics

4.3 Applied ethics

5.1 Nature and existence of God

5.2 Religious language

5.3 Religious experience and behaviour

6.1 Nature and methodologies of science

6.2 Science and the self

6.3 Science and society

7.1 The state

7.2 Justice

7.3 Liberty and rights

8.1 Social structures and institutions

8.2 Equality and discrimination

8.3 Gender

9.1 Philosophy and technology

9.2 Philosophy and the environment

9.3 The nature, function, and meaning of methodology of philosophy

10.1 Language, Truth and Logic – Alfred Jules Ayer

10.2 The Analects – Confucius

10.3 Meditations on First Philosophy – René Descartes

10.4 Black Skin, White Masks – Frantz Fanon

10.5 On the Genealogy of Morality – Friedrich Nietzsche

10.6 Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach – Martha C. Nussbaum

10.7 The Revolt of the Masses – José Ortega y Gasset

10.8 The Republic, Books IV–IX – Plato

10.9 The Ethics of Authenticity – Charles Taylor

10.10 Tao Te Ching – Lao Tzu

10.11 The Second Sex – Simone de Beauvoir

10.12 On Liberty – John Stuart Mill

IB Philosophy 8.2.3 Social Discontent and Social Change Key Definitions

Definition

Civil disobedience

Civil disobedience is the deliberate, public, and non-violent refusal to obey a law or policy that one considers unjust, undertaken to bring about a change in government policy. Theorised by Thoreau and practised by Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr., it was defended by Rawls as a legitimate act within a nearly just society.

Definition

Hegemony

In Antonio Gramsci's political thought, hegemony describes how dominant groups maintain power through cultural and intellectual leadership rather than force alone, making existing power structures appear natural and inevitable to those who are disadvantaged by them.

Definition

Social discontent

Social discontent refers to widespread dissatisfaction among members of a society with existing institutions, power structures, or conditions of life, experienced as a gap between how things are and how they ought to be.

IB Philosophy 8.2.3 Social Discontent and Social Change Key Definitions

Definition

Civil disobedience

Civil disobedience is the deliberate, public, and non-violent refusal to obey a law or policy that one considers unjust, undertaken to bring about a change in government policy. Theorised by Thoreau and practised by Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr., it was defended by Rawls as a legitimate act within a nearly just society.

Definition

Hegemony

In Antonio Gramsci's political thought, hegemony describes how dominant groups maintain power through cultural and intellectual leadership rather than force alone, making existing power structures appear natural and inevitable to those who are disadvantaged by them.

Definition

Social discontent

Social discontent refers to widespread dissatisfaction among members of a society with existing institutions, power structures, or conditions of life, experienced as a gap between how things are and how they ought to be.