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10.1.1 Logical Positivism and the Verification Principle
10.1.2 Implications for Philosophy and Metaphysics
10.1.3 The Nature of Ethical and Aesthetic Judgments
10.1.4 Theory of Knowledge and Analytic/Synthetic Distinction
10.1.5 Ayer's View of the Self
10.1.6 Criticisms and Limitations
10.1.7 Connections to the Core Theme and Optional Themes
10.2.1 The Nature of the Self and Moral Cultivation
10.2.2 Ethical Foundations: Ren, Li, Yi, and Xiao
10.2.3 Virtue Ethics and Moral Development
10.2.4 Social Harmony and Political Philosophy
10.2.5 Philosophy of Language and Communication
10.2.6 Views on Knowledge and Wisdom
10.2.7 Connections to the Core Theme and Optional Themes
10.4.1 The Colonized Self and Racialized Identity
10.4.2 The Other and the White Gaze
10.4.3 Language, Power, and Identity
10.4.4 Psychological Effects of Racism and Colonialism
10.4.5 Fanon’s Critique of Humanism and Universalism
10.4.6 Violence and Liberation (in connection to his later work)
10.4.7 Connections to the Core Theme and Optional Themes
10.5.1 The Genealogical Method
10.5.2 Master Morality vs. Slave Morality (First Essay)
10.5.3 Bad Conscience and the Origins of Guilt (Second Essay)
10.5.4 Ascetic Ideals and the Role of Philosophers and Priests (Third Essay)
10.5.5 Critique of Morality and Call for a Revaluation of Values
10.5.6 Power, Knowledge, and Moral Authority
10.5.7 Connections to the Core Theme and Optional Themes
10.6.1 The Capabilities Approach: A New Metric for Justice and Development
10.6.2 Central Human Capabilities
10.6.3 Justice, Equality, and Human Dignity
10.6.4 The Self and Vulnerability
10.6.5 The Role of Government and Public Policy
10.6.6 Global Justice and Cross-Cultural Application
10.6.7 Connections to the Core Theme and Optional Themes
10.7.1 The Rise of the ‘Mass Man’
10.7.2 Crisis of Individuality and Excellence
10.7.3 The Revolt Against Authority and Tradition
10.7.4 Technology and Mass Civilization
10.7.5 The Role of the Intellectual and the Minority
10.7.6 Freedom, Responsibility, and the Modern Self
10.7.7 Connections to the Core Theme and Optional Themes
10.8.1 Justice in the Individual and the State (Book IV)
10.8.2 The Philosopher-King and the Ideal Ruler (Books V–VII)
10.8.3 The Theory of Forms and the Form of the Good
10.8.4 Education and the Ascent of the Soul (Book VII)
10.8.5 Degeneration of the Soul and the State (Books VIII–IX)
10.8.6 The Nature of the Self
10.8.7 Connections to the Core Theme and Optional Themes
10.9.1 The Ideal of Authenticity and Its Modern Distortions
10.9.2 Recognition and the Dialogical Nature of the Self
10.9.3 The Importance of Horizons of Meaning
10.9.4 Freedom, Individualism, and Moral Sources
10.9.5 Critique of Instrumental Reason
10.9.6 Authenticity, Democracy, and the Public Sphere
10.9.7 Connections to the Core Theme and Optional Themes
10.10.1 The Nature of the Tao (The Way)
10.10.2 Wu Wei: Action Through Non-Action
10.10.3 Simplicity, Humility, and Ethical Living
10.10.4 The Self as Relational and Dynamic
10.10.5 Governance and Political Philosophy
10.10.6 Epistemological Humility
10.10.7 Connections to the Core Theme and Optional Themes
10.11.1 Volume I, Part I: Destiny - Biology, Psychoanalysis, and Historical Materialism
10.11.2 Volume I, Part I: Destiny - Woman as Other
10.11.3 Volume II, Part I: Childhood - Becoming Woman
10.11.4 Volume II, Part I: Childhood - Consciousness and Ambiguity
10.11.5 Volume II, Part IV: The Independent Woman - The Illusion of Freedom
10.11.6 Volume II, Part IV: The Independent Woman - Authentic Freedom
10.11.7 Connections to the Core Theme and Optional Themes
10.12.1 The Principle of Liberty and the Harm Principle
10.12.2 Individuality as a Moral Ideal
10.12.3 Freedom of Speech and the Marketplace of Ideas
10.12.4 Limits of Government and the Tyranny of the Majority
10.12.5 Moral Autonomy and Responsibility
10.12.6 The Self as Rational and Progressive
10.12.7 Connections to the Core Theme and Optional Themes
These interactive flashcards help IB Philosophy students Standard Level (SL) and Higher Level (HL) quickly review and memorize the essential definitions, formulas, and terms needed for success in IB Exams.
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What is the regress problem of justification, and how does it challenge the justified true belief (JTB) framework?
The regress problem states that any reason given to justify a belief must itself be justified by a further reason. This challenges the JTB framework by threatening: