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Paper 1

Paper 2

Paper 3

1.1 Identity

1.2 The self and the other

1.3 Consciousness

1.4 Personhood

1.5 Human nature

1.6 Freedom

2.1 The nature of art

2.2 The artist and the artistic process

2.3 Aesthetic experience and judgement

3.1 Nature of knowledge

3.2 Problems of knowledge

3.3 Application of knowledge

4.1 Normative ethics

4.2 Meta-ethics

4.3 Applied ethics

5.1 Nature and existence of God

5.2 Religious language

5.3 Religious experience and behaviour

6.1 Nature and methodologies of science

6.2 Science and the self

6.3 Science and society

7.1 The state

7.2 Justice

7.3 Liberty and rights

8.1 Social structures and institutions

8.2 Equality and discrimination

8.3 Gender

9.1 Philosophy and technology

9.2 Philosophy and the environment

9.3 The nature, function, and meaning of methodology of philosophy

10.1 Language, Truth and Logic – Alfred Jules Ayer

10.2 The Analects – Confucius

10.3 Meditations on First Philosophy – René Descartes

10.4 Black Skin, White Masks – Frantz Fanon

10.5 On the Genealogy of Morality – Friedrich Nietzsche

10.6 Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach – Martha C. Nussbaum

10.7 The Revolt of the Masses – José Ortega y Gasset

10.8 The Republic, Books IV–IX – Plato

10.9 The Ethics of Authenticity – Charles Taylor

10.10 Tao Te Ching – Lao Tzu

10.11 The Second Sex – Simone de Beauvoir

10.12 On Liberty – John Stuart Mill

IB Philosophy 2.1.2 Creativity Key Definitions

Definition

Creativity

Creativity is the capacity to produce something original and valuable, whether through imaginative insight, technical skill, or the transformation of existing materials. In aesthetics, creativity refers specifically to the generation of works of art that exhibit novelty, expression, or meaning.

Definition

Techne

the ancient Greek concept of productive knowledge, referring to the capacity to bring something into existence through skilled making. For Aristotle, techne is distinguished from episteme (theoretical knowledge) and phronesis (practical wisdom) because it concerns the creation of artefacts that do not arise naturally. It combines knowledge of universal principles with the ability to apply them to particular cases, making it a form of rational productive capacity.

Definition

The muse

The muse is, in ancient Greek thought, one of the divine beings who inspire artistic creation, representing the philosophical idea that creativity originates from a source outside the artist, whether understood as divine inspiration, unconscious forces, or sudden imaginative insight.

IB Philosophy 2.1.2 Creativity Key Definitions

Definition

Creativity

Creativity is the capacity to produce something original and valuable, whether through imaginative insight, technical skill, or the transformation of existing materials. In aesthetics, creativity refers specifically to the generation of works of art that exhibit novelty, expression, or meaning.

Definition

Techne

the ancient Greek concept of productive knowledge, referring to the capacity to bring something into existence through skilled making. For Aristotle, techne is distinguished from episteme (theoretical knowledge) and phronesis (practical wisdom) because it concerns the creation of artefacts that do not arise naturally. It combines knowledge of universal principles with the ability to apply them to particular cases, making it a form of rational productive capacity.

Definition

The muse

The muse is, in ancient Greek thought, one of the divine beings who inspire artistic creation, representing the philosophical idea that creativity originates from a source outside the artist, whether understood as divine inspiration, unconscious forces, or sudden imaginative insight.