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Soul-body dualism
Soul-body dualism is Plato's view, developed across the Phaedo, Phaedrus, and Republic, that the soul (psyche) is a non-material entity distinct from the body (soma), capable of existing independently and oriented toward the intelligible world of the Forms.
Substance Dualism
Substance dualism, associated with Descartes, is the view that mind and body are two fundamentally different kinds of substance. The mind (res cogitans) is non-physical and indivisible, while the body (res extensa) is physical and divisible.
Tripartite soul
The tripartite soul is Plato's theory that the human psyche consists of three distinct parts, reason, spirit, and appetite, each with its own desires, functions, and characteristic excellence.