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Paper 1

Paper 2

Paper 3

1.1 Identity

1.2 The self and the other

1.3 Consciousness

1.4 Personhood

1.5 Human nature

1.6 Freedom

2.1 The nature of art

2.2 The artist and the artistic process

2.3 Aesthetic experience and judgement

3.1 Nature of knowledge

3.2 Problems of knowledge

3.3 Application of knowledge

4.1 Normative ethics

4.2 Meta-ethics

4.3 Applied ethics

5.1 Nature and existence of God

5.2 Religious language

5.3 Religious experience and behaviour

6.1 Nature and methodologies of science

6.2 Science and the self

6.3 Science and society

7.1 The state

7.2 Justice

7.3 Liberty and rights

8.1 Social structures and institutions

8.2 Equality and discrimination

8.3 Gender

9.1 Philosophy and technology

9.2 Philosophy and the environment

9.3 The nature, function, and meaning of methodology of philosophy

10.1 Language, Truth and Logic – Alfred Jules Ayer

10.2 The Analects – Confucius

10.3 Meditations on First Philosophy – René Descartes

10.4 Black Skin, White Masks – Frantz Fanon

10.5 On the Genealogy of Morality – Friedrich Nietzsche

10.6 Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach – Martha C. Nussbaum

10.7 The Revolt of the Masses – José Ortega y Gasset

10.8 The Republic, Books IV–IX – Plato

10.9 The Ethics of Authenticity – Charles Taylor

10.10 Tao Te Ching – Lao Tzu

10.11 The Second Sex – Simone de Beauvoir

10.12 On Liberty – John Stuart Mill

IB Philosophy 10.8.3 the Theory of Forms and the Form of the Good Key Definitions

Definition

Allegory of the Cave

The Allegory of the Cave is Plato's famous image in Book VII of the Republic, depicting prisoners chained in a cave who mistake shadows for reality, illustrating the ascent of the soul from ignorance to knowledge of the Forms.

Definition

Form of the Good

In Plato's hierarchy, the Form of the Good is the supreme Form described in Book VI of the Republic as what gives truth to objects of knowledge and the power of knowing to the knower, analogous to the sun that illuminates the visible world.

Definition

Naturalistic fallacy

The naturalistic fallacy is G.E. Moore's term for the error of defining the property of goodness in terms of any natural property such as pleasure, evolutionary fitness, or social approval. Moore argued that for any proposed natural equivalent of "good" one can always meaningfully ask whether that property really is good, suggesting that moral goodness is a simple, unanalysable quality irreducible to empirical description.

Definition

Theory of Forms

Plato's Theory of Forms holds that ultimate reality consists of eternal, unchanging, non-material entities called Forms, which serve as perfect paradigms of which sensible objects are imperfect copies.

IB Philosophy 10.8.3 the Theory of Forms and the Form of the Good Key Definitions

Definition

Allegory of the Cave

The Allegory of the Cave is Plato's famous image in Book VII of the Republic, depicting prisoners chained in a cave who mistake shadows for reality, illustrating the ascent of the soul from ignorance to knowledge of the Forms.

Definition

Form of the Good

In Plato's hierarchy, the Form of the Good is the supreme Form described in Book VI of the Republic as what gives truth to objects of knowledge and the power of knowing to the knower, analogous to the sun that illuminates the visible world.

Definition

Naturalistic fallacy

The naturalistic fallacy is G.E. Moore's term for the error of defining the property of goodness in terms of any natural property such as pleasure, evolutionary fitness, or social approval. Moore argued that for any proposed natural equivalent of "good" one can always meaningfully ask whether that property really is good, suggesting that moral goodness is a simple, unanalysable quality irreducible to empirical description.

Definition

Theory of Forms

Plato's Theory of Forms holds that ultimate reality consists of eternal, unchanging, non-material entities called Forms, which serve as perfect paradigms of which sensible objects are imperfect copies.