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Li (ritual propriety)
ritual propriety or proper conduct, encompassing the ceremonies, customs, and everyday practices that structure moral life. For Confucius, li is not empty formality but a vehicle for moral transformation through which inner virtue is cultivated by repeated practice.
Moral sense
Moral sense is a theory originating with Francis Hutcheson and developed by Hume and Smith, holding that human beings possess an innate faculty for perceiving moral qualities through sentiment, analogous to the physical senses.
Ren
Ren is the central Confucian virtue, variously translated as benevolence, humaneness, or goodness, representing the highest moral quality attainable through sustained self-cultivation. It is expressed as genuine concern for the wellbeing of others within concrete relationships rather than abstract universal love.