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Paper 1

Paper 2

Paper 3

1.1 Identity

1.2 The self and the other

1.3 Consciousness

1.4 Personhood

1.5 Human nature

1.6 Freedom

2.1 The nature of art

2.2 The artist and the artistic process

2.3 Aesthetic experience and judgement

3.1 Nature of knowledge

3.2 Problems of knowledge

3.3 Application of knowledge

4.1 Normative ethics

4.2 Meta-ethics

4.3 Applied ethics

5.1 Nature and existence of God

5.2 Religious language

5.3 Religious experience and behaviour

6.1 Nature and methodologies of science

6.2 Science and the self

6.3 Science and society

7.1 The state

7.2 Justice

7.3 Liberty and rights

8.1 Social structures and institutions

8.2 Equality and discrimination

8.3 Gender

9.1 Philosophy and technology

9.2 Philosophy and the environment

9.3 The nature, function, and meaning of methodology of philosophy

10.1 Language, Truth and Logic – Alfred Jules Ayer

10.2 The Analects – Confucius

10.3 Meditations on First Philosophy – René Descartes

10.4 Black Skin, White Masks – Frantz Fanon

10.5 On the Genealogy of Morality – Friedrich Nietzsche

10.6 Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach – Martha C. Nussbaum

10.7 The Revolt of the Masses – José Ortega y Gasset

10.8 The Republic, Books IV–IX – Plato

10.9 The Ethics of Authenticity – Charles Taylor

10.10 Tao Te Ching – Lao Tzu

10.11 The Second Sex – Simone de Beauvoir

10.12 On Liberty – John Stuart Mill

IB Philosophy 10.2.1 the Nature of the Self and Moral Cultivation Key Definitions

Definition

Junzi

Junzi: the Confucian ideal of the morally exemplary person who embodies virtue through disciplined self-cultivation, defined not by birth or rank but by fully realising the virtues appropriate to each of their relational roles.

Definition

Relational self (Confucian)

In Confucian thought, the relational self is the view that a person is not an isolated individual but a being constituted through relationships with family, community, and the political order. Personal identity is defined by one's roles, duties, and connections to others rather than by inner psychological states.

Definition

Wu Lun

The Wu Lun are the foundational Confucian framework of five dyadic relationships with reciprocal obligations: ruler and subject, parent and child, husband and wife, elder and younger sibling, and friend and friend.

IB Philosophy 10.2.1 the Nature of the Self and Moral Cultivation Key Definitions

Definition

Junzi

Junzi: the Confucian ideal of the morally exemplary person who embodies virtue through disciplined self-cultivation, defined not by birth or rank but by fully realising the virtues appropriate to each of their relational roles.

Definition

Relational self (Confucian)

In Confucian thought, the relational self is the view that a person is not an isolated individual but a being constituted through relationships with family, community, and the political order. Personal identity is defined by one's roles, duties, and connections to others rather than by inner psychological states.

Definition

Wu Lun

The Wu Lun are the foundational Confucian framework of five dyadic relationships with reciprocal obligations: ruler and subject, parent and child, husband and wife, elder and younger sibling, and friend and friend.