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Agency
Agency is the capacity of an individual to act intentionally and make choices, exercising control over actions and their consequences.
Chinese Room argument
John Searle's Chinese Room argument challenges the claim that computers can genuinely understand or think. A person in a room follows rules to manipulate Chinese symbols without understanding Chinese, showing that syntax (rule-following) is not sufficient for semantics (meaning).
Moral patient
A moral patient is a being that can be affected by the actions of moral agents and to whom moral consideration is owed, regardless of whether it can itself act as a moral agent.
Moral status
Moral status is the property of being an entity whose interests or wellbeing deserve moral consideration. Debated criteria include sentience, rationality, being the subject of a life, or membership in a biotic community.