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Agrarian society
A society where most people live in rural areas and rely on farming for food and income.
Demographic Change
Demographic change refers to shifts in the characteristics of a population over time, such as size, age structure, birth rates, death rates, and migration patterns.
Example
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was a period of major economic, technological, and social change (about 1750–1850) when production shifted from handmade goods in homes to machine-made goods in factories. This transformation led to faster manufacturing, new forms of transport and energy, rapid urban growth, and significant changes in how people lived and worked.
Mechanization
Replacing human or animal labour with machines powered by water, steam, or later electricity, allowing work to be done faster, cheaper, and on a much larger scale.
Meiji
Meiji means “enlightened rule” and refers to the period from 1868–1912 when Japan’s emperor regained power and launched a huge programme of modernization and Westernization, transforming the country from a feudal society into a modern industrial nation.
Example
Subsistence farming
Growing just enough food for the family to survive, with little left over to sell or trade.
Urbanization
Urbanization is the process where large numbers of people move from rural countryside areas to towns and cities, causing cities to grow quickly in size and population.
Example