MYP History Health and Medical Developments Key Definitions

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Pre-industrial economies and society

Industrial technologies and mechanisation

Urbanisation and demographic change

Labour, working conditions and class systems

Industrialisation and global impact

Scientific and technological advancements

Inventions that reshaped society

Communication and transportation developments

Social reforms driven by innovation

Historical trade networks

Colonial and imperial trade systems

Globalisation of markets

Exploitation, inequality and economic dependence

Housing, work and leisure

Gender roles and family structures

Technology in daily life

Social policy and quality of life

Public health before modern medicine

Medical discoveries and breakthroughs

Epidemics, pandemics and responses

Healthcare systems and access

Artistic and literary movements

Cultural identity and expression

Social reform movements

Youth and counterculture movements

Enlightenment and early political thought

Liberalism, conservatism and socialism

Nationalism and identity

Ideologies in the 20th century

Causes of major conflicts

Impacts of war on societies

Peace processes and diplomacy

International conflict resolution

Rise and governance of empires

Imperialism and colonisation

Decolonisation and independence movements

Supranational institutions

Origins of nationalism

Independence and unification movements

National identity and political change

Case studies of nationalist movements

Civil rights struggles

Social justice movements

Protest strategies and activism

Government responses and reforms

Leadership and influence

Grassroots change and community action

Innovators and disruptors

Ethical decision-making and responsibility

Political inaction and governance failures

Humanitarian crises

Environmental neglect

Social and economic consequences

MYP History Health and Medical Developments Key Definitions

Definition

Epidemic

A sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in a specific population, community, or region.

Example

Measles outbreak in a single city.

Definition

Healthcare system

A healthcare system is the organized network of people, institutions, resources, and policies that deliver health services to a population. Its purpose is to promote health, prevent disease, diagnose and treat illness, and improve quality of life.

Example

United Kingdom (NHS): Tax-funded system providing free universal care at the point of use.
Australia (Medicare): Public insurance covering essential medical services with optional private add-ons.
Germany (Social Health Insurance): Mandatory sickness funds funded by employers and employees for universal coverage.
Canada (Single-Payer): Government-funded universal insurance with services delivered largely by private providers.
United States (Private Model): Mixed system dominated by private insurance with government programs for specific groups.
Singapore (Hybrid Model): Government-regulated system combining subsidies, mandatory savings, and both public and private care.

Definition

Pandemic

A global epidemic occurs when a disease outbreak spreads across countries and continents, affecting a large proportion of the population.

Example

COVID-19 in 2020

Definition

Epidemic

A sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in a specific population, community, or region.

Example

Measles outbreak in a single city.

Definition

Healthcare system

A healthcare system is the organized network of people, institutions, resources, and policies that deliver health services to a population. Its purpose is to promote health, prevent disease, diagnose and treat illness, and improve quality of life.

Example

United Kingdom (NHS): Tax-funded system providing free universal care at the point of use.
Australia (Medicare): Public insurance covering essential medical services with optional private add-ons.
Germany (Social Health Insurance): Mandatory sickness funds funded by employers and employees for universal coverage.
Canada (Single-Payer): Government-funded universal insurance with services delivered largely by private providers.
United States (Private Model): Mixed system dominated by private insurance with government programs for specific groups.
Singapore (Hybrid Model): Government-regulated system combining subsidies, mandatory savings, and both public and private care.

Definition

Pandemic

A global epidemic occurs when a disease outbreak spreads across countries and continents, affecting a large proportion of the population.

Example

COVID-19 in 2020