Loading subject…

Pre-industrial economies and society

Industrial technologies and mechanisation

Urbanisation and demographic change

Labour, working conditions and class systems

Industrialisation and global impact

Scientific and technological advancements

Inventions that reshaped society

Communication and transportation developments

Social reforms driven by innovation

Historical trade networks

Colonial and imperial trade systems

Globalisation of markets

Exploitation, inequality and economic dependence

Housing, work and leisure

Gender roles and family structures

Technology in daily life

Social policy and quality of life

Public health before modern medicine

Medical discoveries and breakthroughs

Epidemics, pandemics and responses

Healthcare systems and access

Artistic and literary movements

Cultural identity and expression

Social reform movements

Youth and counterculture movements

Enlightenment and early political thought

Liberalism, conservatism and socialism

Nationalism and identity

Ideologies in the 20th century

Causes of major conflicts

Impacts of war on societies

Peace processes and diplomacy

International conflict resolution

Rise and governance of empires

Imperialism and colonisation

Decolonisation and independence movements

Supranational institutions

Origins of nationalism

Independence and unification movements

National identity and political change

Case studies of nationalist movements

Civil rights struggles

Social justice movements

Protest strategies and activism

Government responses and reforms

Leadership and influence

Grassroots change and community action

Innovators and disruptors

Ethical decision-making and responsibility

Political inaction and governance failures

Humanitarian crises

Environmental neglect

Social and economic consequences

MYP History Empires and Supranational Organizations Key Definitions

Definition

Decolonization

Decolonization is the process by which colonies gain independence from imperial powers and become self-governing nations. It usually happens through political negotiations, nationalist movements, resistance or armed struggle and the decline of European empires after WWII.

Example

Africa
- Ghana (1957): First sub-Saharan African country to gain independence from Britain.
- Kenya (1963): Gained independence after the Mau Mau uprising and negotiations.
- Algeria (1962): Won independence from France after a long, violent war.
- Nigeria (1960): Achieved independence peacefully from Britain.
Asia
- India & Pakistan (1947): End of British rule after massive nationalist movements.
- Indonesia (1949): Fought for independence from the Netherlands.
- Vietnam (1954): Freed from French rule after the First Indochina War.
- Philippines (1946): U.S. granted independence after WWII.
Middle East
- Egypt (1922 / 1956): Gradual end of British influence; full control asserted after Suez Crisis.
- Iraq (1932): Gained independence from Britain.
Caribbean
- Jamaica (1962): Independence from Britain.
- Trinidad and Tobago (1962): Also left the British Empire.

Definition

Superpower

A superpower is a country with global influence due to its overwhelming military strength, economic power, political reach, and cultural impact.
Superpowers can shape international events far beyond their borders.

Definition

Supranational Organisation

A supranational organisation is a group of countries that give up some national control to work together on shared goals such as security, trade, or peace.
Members follow common rules that are above individual governments.

Example

European Union (EU):
- European countries pool sovereignty to create shared laws, a single market, and (for some) a common currency.
- This limits absolute national independence but increases economic and political cooperation.

Definition

Decolonization

Decolonization is the process by which colonies gain independence from imperial powers and become self-governing nations. It usually happens through political negotiations, nationalist movements, resistance or armed struggle and the decline of European empires after WWII.

Example

Africa
- Ghana (1957): First sub-Saharan African country to gain independence from Britain.
- Kenya (1963): Gained independence after the Mau Mau uprising and negotiations.
- Algeria (1962): Won independence from France after a long, violent war.
- Nigeria (1960): Achieved independence peacefully from Britain.
Asia
- India & Pakistan (1947): End of British rule after massive nationalist movements.
- Indonesia (1949): Fought for independence from the Netherlands.
- Vietnam (1954): Freed from French rule after the First Indochina War.
- Philippines (1946): U.S. granted independence after WWII.
Middle East
- Egypt (1922 / 1956): Gradual end of British influence; full control asserted after Suez Crisis.
- Iraq (1932): Gained independence from Britain.
Caribbean
- Jamaica (1962): Independence from Britain.
- Trinidad and Tobago (1962): Also left the British Empire.

Definition

Superpower

A superpower is a country with global influence due to its overwhelming military strength, economic power, political reach, and cultural impact.
Superpowers can shape international events far beyond their borders.

Definition

Supranational Organisation

A supranational organisation is a group of countries that give up some national control to work together on shared goals such as security, trade, or peace.
Members follow common rules that are above individual governments.

Example

European Union (EU):
- European countries pool sovereignty to create shared laws, a single market, and (for some) a common currency.
- This limits absolute national independence but increases economic and political cooperation.