MYP Chemistry Types of Chemical Reaction Key Definitions

Activation energy ($E_a$) is the minimum amount of energy that reacting particles must have for a chemical reaction to start.

Corrosion is a slow, continuous deterioration of metals caused by reactions with substances in the environment, such as oxygen, water, acids, salts (electrolytes).

A displacement reaction happens when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from one of its compounds (usually a solution of a salt).

A simple electrochemical cell (also called a voltaic or galvanic cell) converts chemical energy from a spontaneous redox reaction into electrical energy.

An endothermic reaction is a reaction that absorbs energy (usually heat) from its surroundings.

A measure of the total heat content of a system at constant pressure.

An exothermic reaction is a reaction that releases energy (usually heat) into the surroundings.

Extraction is the process of obtaining a relatively pure substance from a mixture or compound using physical or chemical methods.

The amount of substance that contains $N_A=6.022×10^{23}$ particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.).

A solution is neutral if $\left[\mathrm{H}^{+}\right]=\left[\mathrm{OH}^{-}\right]$ and its pH = 7.

Neutralization is the reaction in which hydrogen ions (H⁺) from an acid react with hydroxide ions (OH⁻) from a base to form water.

Simple oxidation is a reaction where a metal reacts with oxygen and forms a thin oxide layer on its surface.

A solution is a homogeneous mixture where the particles of the solute are completely dissolved in the solvent.

A titration is a technique used to find the concentration of an unknown solution by reacting it with a solution of known concentration.