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Chromatography
Separates components of a mixture based on (1) their solubility in a mobile phase (e.g. solvent) and (2) their adsorption (attraction/attachment) to a stationary phase (e.g. paper).
Colloid
A colloid is a mixture where particles are larger than in a solution, but still small enough to remain dispersed and not settle quickly.
Distillation
Separates liquids (or a liquid from dissolved solids) using differences in boiling point.
Filtration
A technique used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid in a mixture (e.g. a suspension).
Solution
A solution is a homogeneous mixture where the particles of the solute are completely dissolved in the solvent.
Suspension
A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture with large particles that are temporarily suspended in a liquid or gas.