MYP Chemistry Bonding Key Definitions

Measured mass or amount of product actually obtained from a chemical reaction in an experiment. This is usually less than the calculated maximum (theoretical yield) due to incomplete reactions or material loss during processes like filtering or transferring

Occurs between non-metal atoms that share electrons so each achieves a full outer shell.

Occurs when electrons are transferred from a metal atom to a non-metal atom.

Substance in a chemical reaction that gets completely used up first, thereby "limiting" or stopping the reaction and determining the maximum amount of product that can be formed, with any leftover reactants being in excess.

The amount of substance that contains $N_A=6.022×10^{23}$ particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.).

Ratio of the actual yield (product obtained in an experiment) to the theoretical yield (maximum possible product from stoichiometry), expressed as a percentage, showing reaction efficiency.

$$\% \text { yield }=\frac{\text { actual yield }}{\text { theoretical yield }} \times 100$$

The maximum possible amount of product, calculated from the limiting reactant (assuming the reaction goes to completion with no losses).