MYP Chemistry International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Key Definitions

Organic compounds that contain one or more hydroxyl groups (–OH) attached to a carbon atom in a hydrocarbon chain.

Hydrocarbons (compounds made only of carbon and hydrogen), which contain only single bonds between carbon atoms (C–C)

Hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon–carbon double bond (C=C).

Symbolic representation showing the elements in a substance and their numbers or ratios.

Forms when non-metal atoms share electrons. It may form small molecules (like $CO_2$) or giant covalent structures (like diamond).

Shows the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.

The group number of a main-group element indicates the number of valence electrons (electrons in the outermost energy level).

Formed from positive and negative ions (usually metal + non-metal, or metal + polyatomic ion) held together in a giant ionic lattice.

Shows the actual number of each type of atom in a single molecule (common for covalent substances).

A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms bonded together that carries an overall charge and behaves as one unit in ionic compounds.