Practice IB Physics Topic C.4 Standing Waves and Resonance with authentic exam-style questions for both SL and HL students. This question bank focuses on the exact syllabus content for C.4 Standing Waves and Resonance and mirrors Paper 1A, 1B, 2 style where relevant.

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(a)

Derive an expression for the wavelength $\lambda$ of the $n^\text{th}$ harmonic on the string.

[2]

(b)

In a pipe that is closed at one end and open at the other, only certain harmonics are observed. Explain why some harmonics are missing in such a tube.

[2]

(c)

Calculate the frequency of the fourth harmonic for the string.

[1]

(d)

Sketch the standing wave pattern corresponding to the second and fourth harmonic on the string.

[2]

(e)

Compare the harmonic series for a string fixed at both ends and a pipe closed at one end.

[3]

Question 2

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Question 3

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The pipe absorbs all the incoming sound energy

The wavelength becomes smaller than the pipe length

The wave is reflected and undergoes constructive interference

The wave frequency matches the pipe's natural frequency, causing destructive interference

The amplitude is maximum

The string moves at maximum speed

The displacement is always zero

The amplitude is always zero

Both ends are nodes of displacement

Both ends are antinodes of displacement

Closed end is a node, open end is an antinode

Closed end is an antinode, open end is a node