1. Being human
2. Aesthetics
3. Epistemology
4. Ethics
5. Philosophy of religion
6. Philosophy of science
7. Political philosophy
8. Social philosophy
9. HL extension: Philosophy and contemporary issues
10. Prescribed philosophical texts
10.1 Language, Truth and Logic – Alfred Jules Ayer
10.2 The Analects – Confucius
10.3 Meditations on First Philosophy – René Descartes
10.4 Black Skin, White Masks – Frantz Fanon
10.5 On the Genealogy of Morality – Friedrich Nietzsche
10.6 Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach – Martha C. Nussbaum
10.7 The Revolt of the Masses – José Ortega y Gasset
10.8 The Republic, Books IV–IX – Plato
10.9 The Ethics of Authenticity – Charles Taylor
10.10 Tao Te Ching – Lao Tzu
10.11 The Second Sex – Simone de Beauvoir
10.12 On Liberty – John Stuart Mill
Browse syllabus-aligned notes for 10.7 the Revolt of the Masses – José Ortega y Gasset. Open each subtopic for focused explanations, examples, and summaries.
10.7.1 The Rise of the ‘Mass Man’
38 minute read
10.7.2 Crisis of Individuality and Excellence
40 minute read
10.7.3 The Revolt Against Authority and Tradition
42 minute read
10.7.4 Technology and Mass Civilization
43 minute read
10.7.5 The Role of the Intellectual and the Minority
10.7.6 Freedom, Responsibility, and the Modern Self
44 minute read
10.7.7 Connections to the Core Theme and Optional Themes