1. Being human
2. Aesthetics
3. Epistemology
4. Ethics
5. Philosophy of religion
6. Philosophy of science
7. Political philosophy
8. Social philosophy
9. HL extension: Philosophy and contemporary issues
10. Prescribed philosophical texts
10.1 Language, Truth and Logic – Alfred Jules Ayer
10.2 The Analects – Confucius
10.3 Meditations on First Philosophy – René Descartes
10.4 Black Skin, White Masks – Frantz Fanon
10.5 On the Genealogy of Morality – Friedrich Nietzsche
10.6 Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach – Martha C. Nussbaum
10.7 The Revolt of the Masses – José Ortega y Gasset
10.8 The Republic, Books IV–IX – Plato
10.9 The Ethics of Authenticity – Charles Taylor
10.10 Tao Te Ching – Lao Tzu
10.11 The Second Sex – Simone de Beauvoir
10.12 On Liberty – John Stuart Mill
Browse syllabus-aligned notes for 10.2 the Analects – Confucius. Open each subtopic for focused explanations, examples, and summaries.
10.2.1 The Nature of the Self and Moral Cultivation
30 minute read
10.2.2 Ethical Foundations: Ren, Li, Yi, and Xiao
32 minute read
10.2.3 Virtue Ethics and Moral Development
35 minute read
10.2.4 Social Harmony and Political Philosophy
34 minute read
10.2.5 Philosophy of Language and Communication
10.2.6 Views on Knowledge and Wisdom
10.2.7 Connections to the Core Theme and Optional Themes