IB Global Politics Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups and Individuals Key Definitions

Intersectionality is a framework, developed by Kimberle Crenshaw in 1989, that analyses how overlapping social identities such as race, gender, and class interact to produce distinct and compounded forms of discrimination or disadvantage.

Marginalization occurs when individuals or groups are pushed to the edges of society, denied equal opportunities, or excluded from decision-making processes.

UNDRIP (United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples), adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2007, establishes the collective and individual rights of indigenous peoples including rights to self-determination, land, culture, and free, prior, and informed consent.

Vulnerability refers to the increased risk of harm or disadvantage due to specific factors such as poverty, discrimination, or lack of access to resources.