| Front | Back | | --- | --- | | How would a liberal and a utilitarian evaluate a government's decision to forcibly quarantine an individual during a public health crisis? |

Liberalism: Opposes it as a violation of inalienable individual liberty and freedom of movement.
Utilitarianism: Justifies it because it maximizes the greater good and collective welfare by preventing disease spread.

| | How does Marxism explain why a capitalist state enforces a landlord's property rights during a housing crisis, leading to evictions? | It argues capitalist states prioritize private property rights over economic survival, using legal rights as tools to protect the ruling class's capital. | | Why did feminist theorists argue that traditional human rights frameworks failed to address domestic violence, and what treaty helped change this? | Traditional frameworks focused only on the public sphere, ignoring violations in the private sphere (home/family); the CEDAW treaty (1981) pushed states to address it. | | How would a postcolonial theorist explain why indigenous communities in Canada or Australia struggle to secure ancestral land rights under international law? | International law is built on Western liberal frameworks prioritizing individual, secular property rights, which fail to recognize collective, ancestral claims. | | How did proponents of the 1990s "Asian Values" debate (like Singapore's Lee Kuan Yew) challenge the universalist claims of the UDHR? | They argued that Asian societies prioritize community and collective welfare over Western-style individual rights. | | How does the 1990 Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam illustrate a cultural relativist approach to human rights? | It subordinates human rights to Sharia law, rejecting the Western, secular foundation of the UDHR in favor of Islamic cultural and religious context. | | Contrast how a liberal and a utilitarian would view state mass surveillance for national security. |

Liberal: Rejects mass surveillance as an infringement on the fundamental right to individual privacy.
Utilitarian: Justifies surveillance if the collective safety outcomes outweigh the loss of individual privacy.

| | How do Marxist and liberal perspectives differ on the justice of progressive taxation and welfare policies? |

Marxist: Supports them as necessary steps to redistribute resources and dismantle class inequality.
Liberal: Supports them only to ensure equal opportunity, while protecting the right to private property.

| | Why does postcolonialism argue that global climate change mitigation must address historical injustices? | Developing nations suffer the most from climate change, despite colonial legacies and Western industrialization causing the bulk of historical emissions. | | How did the 1993 Vienna Declaration counter the argument that human rights are culturally relative? | It affirmed that all human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent, and interrelated, regardless of political or cultural systems. | | What does intersectional feminism (associated with bell hooks) argue is necessary to achieve true justice? | Justice must address how gender inequalities intersect with other identities, such as race, class, and colonial legacies. | |

According to the liberal perspective shown in this graphic, what is the primary purpose of rights for all humans?

| To ensure that all humans receive equal opportunity for growth and happiness. | | In liberal political theory, John Locke argued for natural rights to life, liberty, and property, while John Rawls developed the concept of "justice as fairness." | In liberal political theory, John Locke argued for natural rights to life, liberty, and property, while John Rawls developed the concept of "justice as fairness." | | The philosophical framework of utilitarianism, championed by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, measures justice by outcomes rather than intentions. | The philosophical framework of utilitarianism, championed by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, measures justice by outcomes rather than intentions. | | The UDHR reflects liberal values by guaranteeing individual freedoms, such as freedom of speech in Article 19 and religious freedom in Article 18. | The UDHR reflects liberal values by guaranteeing individual freedoms, such as freedom of speech in Article 19 and religious freedom in Article 18. | | The international treaty adopted in 1981 to address systemic discrimination and violence against women in the private sphere is CEDAW. | The international treaty adopted in 1981 to address systemic discrimination and violence against women in the private sphere is CEDAW. | | Postcolonial critiques of Western-centric human rights frameworks are heavily associated with key theorists Frantz Fanon and Edward Said. | Postcolonial critiques of Western-centric human rights frameworks are heavily associated with key theorists Frantz Fanon and Edward Said. | | The Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam (1990) represents a cultural relativist challenge to the UDHR by subordinating rights to Sharia law. | The Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam (1990) represents a cultural relativist challenge to the UDHR by subordinating rights to Sharia law. | |

| Freedom of Speech | |

| Right to Life | |

| Freedom of Expression | |

| collective welfare | |

| John Stuart Mill | |

| maximum happiness! | |

| maximum utility! | |

| Jeremy Bentham |

Core: Understanding power and global politics6 subtopics

Rights and Justice4 subtopics

Development and Sustainability4 subtopics

Peace and Conflict4 subtopics

IB Global Politics Theoretical Views on Rights and Justice Flashcards

Flashcards for Theoretical views on rights and justice

Flashcards for Theoretical views on rights and justice - IB

Core: Understanding power and global politics6 subtopics

Rights and Justice4 subtopics

Development and Sustainability4 subtopics

Peace and Conflict4 subtopics