IB Global Politics Topic Theoretical Views on Rights and Justice Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Global Politics Topic Theoretical Views on Rights and Justice Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

Rights and Justice

Definition

Rights

Rights are entitlements or freedoms that individuals or groups possess, often protected by law or moral principles.

Definition

Justice

Justice refers to the fair and equitable distribution of resources, opportunities, and punishments within a society.

Theoretical Perspectives

Liberalism

Focus: Individual rights and freedoms
Key Thinkers: John Locke, John Rawls
Principles:
1. Natural Rights: Life, liberty, and property (Locke)
2. Justice as Fairness: Equal basic rights and opportunities (Rawls)

Example

UDHR and Liberalism
- The UDHR reflects liberal values by prioritizing individual rights and limited government.
- Key rights include freedom of speech (Art. 19), religious freedom (Art. 18), and equality before the law (Art. 7).
- Promotes universal, inalienable rights, central to liberal thought.

Utilitarianism

Focus: Maximizing overall happiness or utility
Key Thinkers: Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill
Principles:
1. Rights are justified if they contribute to the greatest good for the greatest number.
2. Justice is measured by outcomes, not intentions.

Note

Utilitarianism prioritizes actions that maximize overall happiness or utility, even if it means sacrificing individual rights.
Highlights a key tension: collective welfare vs. individual liberty.
Contrasts with liberalism, which sees certain rights as inviolable, regardless of outcomes.

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Rights and Justice

Definition

Rights

Rights are entitlements or freedoms that individuals or groups possess, often protected by law or moral principles.

Definition

Justice

Justice refers to the fair and equitable distribution of resources, opportunities, and punishments within a society.

Theoretical Perspectives

Liberalism

Focus: Individual rights and freedoms
Key Thinkers: John Locke, John Rawls
Principles:
1. Natural Rights: Life, liberty, and property (Locke)
2. Justice as Fairness: Equal basic rights and opportunities (Rawls)

Example

UDHR and Liberalism
- The UDHR reflects liberal values by prioritizing individual rights and limited government.
- Key rights include freedom of speech (Art. 19), religious freedom (Art. 18), and equality before the law (Art. 7).
- Promotes universal, inalienable rights, central to liberal thought.

Utilitarianism

Focus: Maximizing overall happiness or utility
Key Thinkers: Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill
Principles:
1. Rights are justified if they contribute to the greatest good for the greatest number.
2. Justice is measured by outcomes, not intentions.

Note

Utilitarianism prioritizes actions that maximize overall happiness or utility, even if it means sacrificing individual rights.
Highlights a key tension: collective welfare vs. individual liberty.
Contrasts with liberalism, which sees certain rights as inviolable, regardless of outcomes.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Core: Understanding power and global politics6 subtopics

Rights and Justice4 subtopics

Development and Sustainability4 subtopics

Peace and Conflict4 subtopics

Assessment Guides4 subtopics

IA Engagement Project1 subtopic

IB Global Politics Theoretical Views on Rights and Justice Notes

Core: Understanding power and global politics6 subtopics

Rights and Justice4 subtopics

Development and Sustainability4 subtopics

Peace and Conflict4 subtopics

Assessment Guides4 subtopics

IA Engagement Project1 subtopic

Rights and Justice

Theoretical Perspectives

Liberalism

Utilitarianism

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Rights and Justice

Theoretical Perspectives

Liberalism

Utilitarianism

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account