This site uses cookie tracking technologies. Learn more in our Cookie Policy.
The following table shows selected demographic indicators for two contrasting countries, Country X and Country Y.
Table 1: Demographic data for Country X and Country Y
| Demographic Indicator | Country X | Country Y |
|---|---|---|
| Crude Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 42 | 9 |
| Crude Death Rate (per 1,000) | 14 | 11 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth (years) | 52 | 81 |
| Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births) | 72 | 4 |
Table 1: Selected demographic data for Country X and Country Y.
The management of a resource can impact the production of solid domestic waste.
To what extent have the three levels of the pollution management model been successfully applied to the management of solid domestic waste?
Table 1 displays demographic indicators for three hypothetical nations (Country X, Country Y, and Country Z) collected during a single census year. These metrics are used to evaluate a nation's position within the Demographic Transition Model (DTM).
Table 1: Demographic data for three nations
Practice IB Environmental systems and societies (ESS) Topic Topic 8: Human Populations and Urban Systems with authentic exam-style questions for both SL and HL students. This question bank focuses on the exact syllabus content for Topic 8: Human Populations and Urban Systems and mirrors Paper 1, 2 style where relevant.
Get instant solutions, detailed explanations, and build confidence with questions aligned to IB examiner expectations.
| Demographic Variable | Country X | Country Y |
|---|
| Crude Birth Rate (CBR) | 36.0 | 8.0 |
| Crude Death Rate (CDR) | 6.0 | 11.0 |
| % of population aged 0–14 | 46% | 14% |
| % of population aged 15–64 | 51% | 64% |
| % of population aged 65+ | 3% | 22% |
Using the data provided in Table 1, calculate the natural increase rate (NIR) for Country X.
Using the data provided in Table 1, calculate the total dependency ratio for Country Y.
State the term used to describe the general shape of a population pyramid for a country with the demographic profile of Country X.
| Indicator | Country X | Country Y | Country Z |
|---|
| Crude Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 38 | 13 | 8 |
| Crude Death Rate (per 1,000) | 12 | 9 | 11 |
| Total Fertility Rate (TFR) | 5.2 | 1.8 | 1.3 |
| Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000) | 54 | 5 | 3 |
Calculate the Natural Increase Rate (NIR) for Country X based on the data provided in Table 1.
Identify which stage of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) most likely represents Country Y and Country Z.
Explain the relationship between increasing levels of female education and the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) observed in nations like Country Y.
