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Incentive function of prices
The ability of prices, and changes in prices, to provide information to consumers and producers that encourages them to act in their own best interest.
Rationing
Method to divide and apportion goods or services amongst consumers
Resource allocation
Assigning available resources or factors of production to particular uses selected from various possible options.
Signalling function of prices
The capacity of prices, and changes in prices, to convey information to consumers and producers about the existence of shortages or surpluses in markets, achieving an efficient allocation of resources.