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Adverse selection
When one of the sides has more knowledge about the quality of the product sold than the other.
Asymmetric Information
Refers to situation where buyers and sellers don't have the same access to information.
Moral Hazard
A situation where one part takes a risk but is not responsible for covering all of the costs because they are being covered by the other party.
Opportunity cost
The value of the next best option that must be forgone or sacrificed in order to acquire something else.
Screening
A situation when the party with the less information is trying to get more information about the good/service.
Signalling
Signaling is a method used by the party with more information, to convince the party with less information that the good/service included in the transaction is of good quality.