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Bending (force)
A force that causes a material to curve, involving both tension (on one side) and compression (on the opposite side).
Compression (force)
A force that squeezes a material or causes it to shorten.
Shear (force)
Two equal and opposite forces acting on an object that are not aligned, creating a cutting effect.
Structural System
The parts of a product that resist loads, such as the shell, framework, or solid structure, helping it maintain strength and stability.
Tension (force)
A pulling or stretching force that acts to extend a material.
Torsion (force)
A twisting force.