Practice Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter with authentic IB Chemistry exam questions for both SL and HL students. This question bank mirrors Paper 1A, 1B, 2 structure, covering key topics like atomic structure, chemical reactions, and organic chemistry. Get instant solutions, detailed explanations, and build exam confidence with questions in the style of IB examiners.
The experiment focuses on investigating the relationship between temperature and the rate of evaporation of three different volatile liquids: methanol, ethanol, and propan-1-ol.
Three identical Petri dishes are labelled A, B, and C, each containing 3.0 cm³ of a different alcohol: methanol (A), ethanol (B), propan-1-ol (C). Each dish is placed inside a temperature-controlled chamber (e.g. warm water bath or incubator) at 60 °C. A digital balance is used to measure mass loss after 5 minutes of heating.
The following data were collected:
| Alcohol | Initial mass / g | Final mass / g | Temperature / °C |
|---|---|---|---|
| Methanol | 2.38 | 0.62 | 60 |
| Ethanol | 2.40 | 1.15 | 60 |
| Propan-1-ol | 2.55 | 1.98 | 60 |
Calculate the average rate of evaporation of methanol in .
Describe the relationship between molecular size and evaporation rate based on the data.
Suggest why propan-1-ol evaporates more slowly than ethanol, despite being under identical conditions.
State the main intermolecular force present in alcohols and explain its origin.
Identify the functional group common to all three alcohols.
Draw a full structural formula of ethanol.
Sketch and label a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve for the ethanol sample at 60 °C. Indicate the activation energy for evaporation and the fraction of particles with enough energy to overcome it.
What change of state occurs when a gas becomes a solid without passing through the liquid phase?
What is the total number of orbitals in the shell?
The elements sodium and magnesium are located in Period 3 of the periodic table and show predictable patterns in electron arrangement.
Write the electron configuration of sodium () and magnesium ().
Deduce the number of core and valence electrons in each atom.
State and explain which atom has a higher first ionization energy.
Magnesium can also form a ion. Explain how its electron configuration changes and why this ion is stable.
Which of the following explains why high-resolution mass spectrometry can distinguish between and ?
Aluminium is used in electrical wiring and reflective coatings due to its chemical and physical properties.
State the atomic number of aluminium.
Write the full electron configuration of a neutral aluminium atom.
State the number of valence electrons in an aluminium atom.
Explain why aluminium tends to form a 3+ ion when it reacts.
Which element has the following ground-state electron configuration: [Ar] 4s1 3d5?
What volume of carbon dioxide, , can be obtained by reacting of methane, , with of oxygen, ? All volumes are measured at the same temperature and pressure.
Which description best represents the particles in a gas?
The elements and have the following electronic configurations:
What is the formula of the compound formed between and ?
Practice Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter with authentic IB Chemistry exam questions for both SL and HL students. This question bank mirrors Paper 1A, 1B, 2 structure, covering key topics like atomic structure, chemical reactions, and organic chemistry. Get instant solutions, detailed explanations, and build exam confidence with questions in the style of IB examiners.
The experiment focuses on investigating the relationship between temperature and the rate of evaporation of three different volatile liquids: methanol, ethanol, and propan-1-ol.
Three identical Petri dishes are labelled A, B, and C, each containing 3.0 cm³ of a different alcohol: methanol (A), ethanol (B), propan-1-ol (C). Each dish is placed inside a temperature-controlled chamber (e.g. warm water bath or incubator) at 60 °C. A digital balance is used to measure mass loss after 5 minutes of heating.
The following data were collected:
| Alcohol | Initial mass / g | Final mass / g | Temperature / °C |
|---|---|---|---|
| Methanol | 2.38 | 0.62 | 60 |
| Ethanol | 2.40 | 1.15 | 60 |
| Propan-1-ol | 2.55 | 1.98 | 60 |
Calculate the average rate of evaporation of methanol in .
Describe the relationship between molecular size and evaporation rate based on the data.
Suggest why propan-1-ol evaporates more slowly than ethanol, despite being under identical conditions.
State the main intermolecular force present in alcohols and explain its origin.
Identify the functional group common to all three alcohols.
Draw a full structural formula of ethanol.
Sketch and label a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve for the ethanol sample at 60 °C. Indicate the activation energy for evaporation and the fraction of particles with enough energy to overcome it.
What change of state occurs when a gas becomes a solid without passing through the liquid phase?
What is the total number of orbitals in the shell?
The elements sodium and magnesium are located in Period 3 of the periodic table and show predictable patterns in electron arrangement.
Write the electron configuration of sodium () and magnesium ().
Deduce the number of core and valence electrons in each atom.
State and explain which atom has a higher first ionization energy.
Magnesium can also form a ion. Explain how its electron configuration changes and why this ion is stable.
Which of the following explains why high-resolution mass spectrometry can distinguish between and ?
Aluminium is used in electrical wiring and reflective coatings due to its chemical and physical properties.
State the atomic number of aluminium.
Write the full electron configuration of a neutral aluminium atom.
State the number of valence electrons in an aluminium atom.
Explain why aluminium tends to form a 3+ ion when it reacts.
Which element has the following ground-state electron configuration: [Ar] 4s1 3d5?
What volume of carbon dioxide, , can be obtained by reacting of methane, , with of oxygen, ? All volumes are measured at the same temperature and pressure.
Which description best represents the particles in a gas?
The elements and have the following electronic configurations:
What is the formula of the compound formed between and ?