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Bureaucracy
Bureaucracy refers to the formal rules, procedures, and hierarchical structures that govern an organization.
Centralization
Centralization means that decision-making is concentrated at the top levels of the organization.
Chain of command
Chain of command is the formal line of authority through which instructions are passed within an organization.
Decentralization
Decentralization distributes decision-making authority to lower levels of the organization.
Delayering
Delayering involves removing layers of management to create a flatter organizational structure.
Delegation
Delegation is the process of assigning authority to subordinates while retaining ultimate responsibility for the task.
Levels of hierarchy
Levels of hierarchy refer to the number of layers of management within an organization.
Span of control
Span of control refers to the number of subordinates directly reporting to a manager.