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Arbitration
A process where a neutral third party makes a binding decision to resolve a dispute.
Collective bargaining
Collective bargaining is a process where employees, often represented by trade unions, negotiate with employers to improve wages, benefits, and working conditions.
Conciliation
Conciliation is a voluntary process where a neutral third party facilitates discussions between employees and employers to help resolve disputes.
Lockouts
Lockouts involve temporarily closing operations to pressure employees, while closures permanently shut down the business.
Strike action
Strike action involves employees withdrawing their labor entirely, halting production or services to pressure employers into meeting their demands.
Work-to-rule
Work-to-rule is a form of industrial action where employees strictly adhere to their job descriptions, refusing to perform any additional tasks or work overtime.
Workplace conflict
Workplace conflict refers to disagreements between employees and employers over issues like wages, working conditions, job security, and more.