IB Biology Topic A2.2.6: Eukaryote Cell Structure Key Definitions

80S ribosomes are larger ribosomes found in eukaryotic cells that synthesize proteins.

An organelle found in plant and algal cells that is responsible for photosynthesis, the process of converting light energy into chemical energy

The cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance inside a cell, excluding the nucleus, where various cellular activities occur.

A network of protein fibers, including microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.

A network of membranes involved in synthesis and transport.

A eukaryote is a type of cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, enabling it to carry out specialized and coordinated functions. These cells are found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

A stack of flattened, membrane-bound sacs that process, package, and distribute proteins and lipids.

Lysosomes are specialized vesicles containing digestive enzymes.

Mitochondria are double-membrane-bound organelles responsible for producing ATP through aerobic respiration.

The nucleus is a double-membrane-bound organelle containing the cell’s DNA.

The plasma membrane is the thin, flexible boundary that surrounds a cell, separating its internal environment from the external surroundings. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates.

Larger compartments, especially prominent in plant cells, where they store water, nutrients, or waste.

Vesicles are small, membrane-bound sacs composed of a phospholipid bilayer. They enclose a fluid-filled space and can carry various substances.